neuro hypothalamic nuclei
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- Anterior hypothalamic nucleus
- maintenance of body temp (head dissipation, cooling off); lesion hyPERthermia
- Posterior Hypotalamic nucleus
- Maintenance of body temp (heat production, warm up); lesion = pikiiothermia (cant thermoregulate)
- 5 anterior zone nuclei
- 1. preoptic, 2. suprachiamatic, 3. supraoptic, 4. anterior, 5. paraventricular
- Paraventricular nucleus
- located in mid part of medial hypothalmus. one of two nuclei that are neuroendocrine transducers receiving neural input and cell bodies synthesize oxytocin or vasopressin. axons run along supraoptico hypophyseal tract through the infundibulum to post lobe of puitary and stored in terminals. their axons dont synapse but instead terminals are closed to fenestrated capillaries. Axn potentials cause release into blood stream of INFERIOR HYPOPHYSEAL a branch of the internal carotid (hypothalamohypophyseal portal system is not used here). ALSO REGULATES ANTONOMIC PARA AND SYMP GAGLIA VIA DORSAL TEGMENTUM OF BS. LESION = IPSILATERAL HORNERS SYNDROM
- 2 posterior zone nuclei
- 1. posterior 2. mammillary
- Lateral Hypothalamic nucleus
- appetite control; stimulation = increased food intake/ lesion= anorexia
- hypothalamohypophyseal portal system
- portal veins that carry the hormones to second capillary bed in the anterior lobe where the hormones exit the vesssels in order to act directly on pituitary secretory cells.
- Supraoptic nucleus
- located above optic chiasm. one of two nuclei that are neuroendocrine transducers receiving neural input and cell bodies synthesize oxytocin or vasopressin. axons run along supraoptico hypophyseal tract through the infundibulum to post lobe of puitary and stored in terminals. their axons dont synapse but instead terminals are closed to fenestrated capillaries. Axn potentials cause release into blood stream of INFERIOR HYPOPHYSEAL a branch of the internal carotid (hypothalamohypophyseal portal system is not used here)
- Subthalmic area
- between hypothalamus and internal capsule
- ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus
- regulates food intake; stimulation = inhibit desire to eat (aphagia)/ lesion = overeating
- collumns of fornix
- dboundary between medial and lateral zones (medial zone with anterior, middle and posterior zones)
- Oxytocin
- causes uteriine contraction and milk ejection
- Arcuate hypothalamic nucleus
- located just above the median eminence near the entranc of the infundibulum. the most inferior nucleus of the hypothalamus. regulates the release of multiple hormones from the anterior lobe.
- Lateral to lateral boundary of hypothalamus
- subthalmic area
- 3 middle zone nuclei
- 1. ventormedial, 2. dorsomedial, 3. arcuate
- Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus
- regulates emotion (agression) stimulate= rage/ lesion = calm
- mammillary nucleus
- limbic functions (memory) relay between thalamus and hippocampus. inputs come from fornix and outputs through mamillarythalamic tract (MMT)
- Preoptic nucleus
- located above and towards the font of the optic chiasm. one of two neuroendocrine regulation of anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis); regulates release of gonadotrophic hormones from anterior pituitary. axons terminate in SUPERIOR HYPO[HSEAL ARTERY
- suprachiasmatic nucleus
- integration/regulation of carcadian rhythms (info goes to sympathetic system to stimulate pineal to produce melatonin in dark)
- Vasopressin (ADH)
- increses blood pressure and decreases urine production