Metamorphic and Sedimentary Rocks
Notes on Metamorphic and Sedimentary Rocks for St. Rose seniors
Terms
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- compaction and cementaion
- the 2 main ways materials come together and form sedimentary rock
- weather and erosion
- provide us with the materials for sedimentary rock
- sedimentary rocks
- form when 1. sediments become pressed or cemented together or 2. when sediments precipitate out of a solution
- cementation
- when the solution of water and dissolved minerals move through open spaces between sediments and cement the sediments together
- waste coal
- contains high-sulfur content and can result in acid runoff when rainwater flows through the waste coal piles
- sediments
- come from other rocks that are weathered and eroded
- chemical sedimentary rocks
- form when minerals are precipitated from a solution or left behind when a solution evaporates
- shale
- requires NO cementation to hold its particles of clay-sized sediments which are compacted together from overlying (top) layers
- slate (example of foliated rocks)
- from the sedimentary rock shale (shale is easily separated along foliation layers)
- gneiss (example of foliated rocks)
- foliated rock that forms granite and other rocks are changed and rearranged into alternating bands
- size and shape
- detrital rocks are named according to the _______ and _______ of the sediments
- fossil-rich limestone
- contains remains of once-living ocean animals along with calcite (chemical limestone)
- sediments
- loose material, such as rocks fragments, mineral grains, and bits of plant and animal remains moved by WIND, WATER, ICE, GRAVITY, or dissolved in water
- igneous
- most rocks below earth's surface
- greenish
- natural color of hornblende and serpent in marble
- sedimentary
- most rocks at earth's surface
- detrital
- sedimentary rocks made from the broken fragments of other rocks that are compacted and cemented together
- erosion
- the movement of weathered material
- metamorphic rocks
- rocks that have changed due to temperature and pressure
- waste coal
- a poor quality coal that is a by-product of coal mining
- sandstone
- formed from sandsized sediments (grains of minerals quartz and feldspar that can be compacted or cemented together)
- weathering
- process that breaks rocks into smaller pieces
- compostion and the way they form
- sedimentary rocks are classified by:
- non-foliated rocks
- texture of rocks where the mineral grains grow, change, and rearrange, but do NOT form bands
- detritus
- "to wear away"
- sandstone and shale
- examples from smaller particles of dertrital rocks
- organic
- contains carbons that are typically found in living systems
- hydrate
- to mix with water
- compaction
- pressure upon layers of built up small sediments on lower layers causing lower layers to stick together and form solid rock
- limestone and rock salt
- examples of chemical sedimentary rocks
- detrital
- sometimes referred to as clastic rocks because of their texture (clastic comes from "klatos"= broken)
- foliated rocks
- texture of rocks resulting from mineral grains flattening and lining up in parellel bands
- coquina and coal
- 2 very useful sedimentary rocks
- limestone
- when calcite in ocean water comes together (comes out of a solution) the crystals grow together usually on the ocean floor
- coquina
- made from shells of mussels, corals, and snails *ONLY CONTAINS CALCITE*
- red
- natural color of hemetite in marble
- organic sedimentary rocks
- rocks formed from remains of living things
- igneous rocks
- rocks formed by the cooling of molten rock (either magma or lava)
- coal
- made from dead plants compacted over millions of years -A GOOD ENERGY SUPPLY-
- foliated and non-foliated rocks
- metamorphic rocks are classified according to their texture:
- rock salt
- halite (a mineral) left behind when lakes and seas evaporate halite mixes with other minerals to form rock salt
- marble (example of non-foliated rocks)
- forms from the sedimentary rock limestone (which is composed of calcite)
- congeneration
- when both electrical and thermal energy produced by burning waste-coal used by the same plant (to run the plant)
- rocks
- a mixture of minerals, mineraloids, glass or organic matter
- 1. detrital 2. chemical 3. organic
- classifications of sedimentary rocks:
- fossil-rich limestone, coquina, and coal
- examples of organic sedimentary rocks
- quartzite (example of non-foliated rocks)
- nonfoiliated rock resulting from heat and pressure on sandstone (which is composed mostly of quartz minerals)
- glass, paper, soap, dairy products, and table salt
- rock salt is mined for the uses of:
- igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
- 3 major types of rocks
- examples from large sediments of detrital rocks
- conglomerate (well rounded) and breccia (sharp angles)