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Campbell Chapter 3

nature of the water molecule and the significance of hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions

Terms

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Diffusion of temperature
when two objects are different they will become similar by diffusing KE
pH scale
scale from 0 to 14 to reflect hydrogen ion concentration in solution ph1 = 10-1 H ions (strong acid)
Evaporative cooling
most mobile molecules leave (hottest), leaving behind slower, cooler ones
Heat
total quantity of kinetic energy due to molecular motion
Water's boiling point
100 degrees C
Room temperature
20-25 degrees C
Heat of vaporation
quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for 1 g to be converted from liquid to gas- water = 580 cal
Solvent
substance which is dissolving agent- (in an aqueous solution = water)
hydrophilic
water loving- polar or ionic, water clings to compound but does not dissolve
Buffers
substances that minimize changes in concentration of H and OH by containing weak acid and weak base which donate electrons
kilocalorie
amount of heat needed to raise or lower one kilogram of water one degree
Avagadro's number
6.02 x 10(23)= numbers of molecules in a mol
water's specific heat
1 calorie; high because of its hydrogen bonds, needs to break or reform; changes temperature less when it absorbs or loses given amount of heat
Temperature
inensity of heat due to average KE
pH
= -log[H+] change is by 10 for every one unit; [OH][H] = 10(-14)
Ice
water forms less dense crystalline lattice b/c hydrogen bonds keep space between molecules
polarity of water
has polar covalent bonds; H is partially positive, O is partially negative
cohesion
H bonds hold water together, change partners constantly
hydration shell
sphere of water molecules around each ion
Molarity
number of moles of solute per liter of solution
molecular weight
sum of all the weights of all atoms in a molecule
Solute
Substance being dissolved (sugar, kool aid,...)
Dissociation of water
H2O <=> H+ + OH- + H20 <=> OH- + H3O+
Temperature of the human body
37 degrees C
mole
number of molecular weight of substance in grams
Temperature of water's greatest density
4 degrees C
Acid
substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration (HCL -> H + Cl)
adhesion
clinging of one substance to another
hydrophobic
non ionic and non-polar; repels water
Solution
homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
Types of molecules dissolvable in water
polar and/or ionic Na+....HOH....Cl-
calorie
the amount of heat needed to raise or lower one gram of water one degree C= 4.1845
specific heat
the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 g of a substance to change temp 1 degree C; how well a substance can resist change
Water freezing point
0 degrees C
Kinetic energy
how fast something is moving
surface tension
measure of how dificult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid
joule
0.239 calories
Base
substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration; accepts free H ions or releases OH ions (NH3 <=> NH4+) or (NaOH -> Na+ + OH-)

Deck Info

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