Science Vocabulary
Terms
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- Inrusive Igneous Rock
- Rock formed from the cooling and solidification of magma beneath Earth's surface.
- Cementation
- The process in which minerals precipitate into pore spaces between sediment grains and bind sediments together to form rock.
- Metamorphism
- The process in which one type of rock changes into metamorphic rock because of chemical processes or changes in temperature and pressure.
- Regional Metamorphism
- A change in texture, structure, or chemical composition of rock due to changes in temperature and pressure over a large area, generally as a result of tectonic forces.
- Mafic
- Describes magma or igneous rock that is rich in magnesium and iron and that is generally dark in color.
- Felsic
- Describes magma or igneous rock that is rich in feldspares and silica and that is generally light in color.
- Clastic Sedimentary Rock
- Sedimentary rock that forms when fragment of preexisting rocks are compacted or cemented together.
- Rock Cycle
- The series of process in which rock forms, changes from one type to another, is destroyed, and forms again by geological processes.
- Igneous Rock
- Rock that forms when magma cools and solidifies.
- Nonfoliated
- The metamorphic rock texture in which mineral grains are are not arranged in planes or bands.
- Foliation
- The metamorphic rock texture in which mineral grains are arranged in planes or bands.
- Chemical Sedimentary Rock
- Sedimentary rock that forms when minerals precipitate from a solution or settle from a suspension.
- Compaction
- The process in which the volume and porosity of a sediment is decreased by the weight of overlying sediments as a result of burial beneath other sediments.
- Extrusive Igneous Rock
- Rock that forms from the cooling and solidification of lava at Earth's surface.
- Bowen's Reaction Series
- The simplified pattern that illustrates the order in which minerals crystallize from cooling magma according to their chemical composition and melting point.
- Organic Sedimentary Rock
- Sedimentary rock that forms from the remains of plants or animals.
- Contact Metamorphism
- A change in texture, structure, or chemical composition of rock due to contact with magma.