chemistry 130 2
Terms
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- pure solvent
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seperated solvent molecules
^H1-endothermic-requires energy so positive - pure solute
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seperated slute molecule
^H2-endothermic, positive - separated solvent and solute molecules combine
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--form imf, form solution
^H3-exothermic, energy released, negative - net energy
- ^H(solution)=^H1+^H2+^H3
- non polar slovents will dissolve
- non-polar solutes
- polar solvents will dissolve
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things with charge
-polar substances
-ionic substances - interionic forces
- hold ions together in a crystal(force between two ions)
- ion-dipole forces
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-attraction of water dipoles for cations and anions
-pulls the ions out of the crystalline lattice
-strongest force determines solubility
-if ion-dipole is stronger then interionic,substance dissolves - hydration=
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-ions become surrounded by water molecules
-only soluble substances can be hydrated - equilibrium=
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-the forward rate of a reaction equals the reverse rate
-once you reach equilibrium the concentration of the solution stays constant - dissolving process
- ions go into solution, add more solid, keep dissolving, some collide and reform
- "dynamic" equilibrium
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-dissolving rate equals precipitation rate
-forward rate=reverse rate - saturated
- solution that is in equilibrium
- super saturated
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solution that contains more dissolved substance than a saturated system (honey)
-its you tricking the system to hold more then its supposed to - unsaturated
- solution not at equilibrium and in which more of the substance can dissolve