Epidemiology part 2
Terms
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- Index
- First identified case of a disease in an epidemic
- Transmission with the greatest threat
- Airborne pathogens
- Period of illness
- acute phase of disease. Present with signs and symtpoms of disease.
- Risk Factors
- a variable associated with an increased risk of disease or infection.
- Morbidity
- State of illness or the number of people in a given population are ill.
- Isolation
- patient infected with a communicable disease be prevented from making any contact with the general public
- Prodromal period
- follows incubation period. present with mild symptoms
- Carrier transmission
- carrier may have had the disease but recovered or has been exposed but asymptomatic
- Convalscent carriers
- Individuals that are recovering from the disease, however, they can still infect other people
- Vector transmission
- transmission of an infectious agent by a living organism to humans
- Autogenous transmission
- intraoral hemo and transient bacteriumia(bacteria getting into the blood stream)
- Viriulence
- strength of organism
- Two examples of food transmission
- E.coli and salmonella
- Nosocomial Infection
- an infection that is the result of a pathogen that was acquired in a hospital
- Prevalence
- Number of people infected at any given time.
- Etiology
- Specific cause of a disease in a given population.
- Zoonosis
- A disease that is transmitted from domestic and wild animals to humans
- Endogenus infection
- caused by pathogens that were brought into the hospital by the patient
- Incidence
- The total number of new cases seen within a calendar year.
- Vector control
- a good way of controlling the spread of infectious disease when the vector, such as rodents, is identified.
- Self infection is also known as
- autogenous transmission
- Surveillance
- Close observation of a person or group
- Immunization
- effective means of controlling the spread of communicable diseases by the use of safe vaccines.
- Incubatory carriers
- These individuals transmit the disease before becoming symptomatic
- Incubation period
- when they are contagious and can spread the disease even before a person exhibits signs or symptoms.
- Exogenous
- caused by organisms that enter the patients body from the external environment
- Quarantine
- requires the seperation of animals and humans that have been infected or exposed to a communicable disease from the general public. * Not as common*
- Mortality
- Number of people that are dead.
- Two exaples of zoonosis
- Anthrax and rabies
- Perio of convalescence
- recovery has occured but infection can also spread
- Chronic carriers
- These individuals develop chronic infections and transmit the infection for long periods of time.
- two ways of Oral/fecal transmission
- direct touching and indirect contact
- Indirect cross-contamination
- the contaminant is on a surface and you touch it
- Five types of airborne transmission
- Aerosal, mist, splatter, staff-to-patient and patient-to-staff.
- Three types of bloodborne transmission
- Splash, parentaral and person-to-person
- Subclinical carriers
- These individuals never develop clinical symptoms of the disease
- Concentration
- number of pathogens
- Period of decline
- individuals signs and symptoms subside and the person feels better. also prone to secondary infections
- Port of entry
- how you're getting it
- Four factors in disease process aka chain of reaction
- Post resistance, viriulence, concentration and port of entry
- Epidemiology
- The study of the distribution and determinants of diseases or conditions of a population.
- Endemic
- The average or normal number of cases of a disease.
- Epidemic
- Arises when the level of disease in a certain population exceeds the endemic level.
- Post resistance
- How strong your immune system is
- Who is susceptible?
- One who has a comprimised immune system