Biology Midterm Review
Biology Midterm Review, Mrs. Martinelli.
In case you didn't hear/lost the essay questions for her midterm, here they are:
1. Explain the differences between how Darwin and Lamarck would determine the trait from the article given.
2. Give your reaction to and define genetic engineering.
3. Explain the processes of photosynthesis & respiration. Include reactions, products, equations, and the connectedness of the two. Explain the BTB lab in explanation.
4. Explain the theme of surface area. Give 5 examples and what that increased area allows it to do.
5. Draw a DNA molecule. Label ALL of it's components & explain how it contrasts with RNA.
6. Draw a plant or animal cell. Draw 5 organelles and explain their function. Each organelle after 5 that you draw and explain is worth 1/2 a point.
Also, here are 8 surface areas.
Root Hairs - Plant
Alveoli - Lungs
Nephron - Kidney
Villi - Small Intestine
Thylakoids - Chloroplasts
Cristae - Mitochondria
Cerebrum - Brain
RBC - Body
In case you didn't hear/lost the essay questions for her midterm, here they are:
1. Explain the differences between how Darwin and Lamarck would determine the trait from the article given.
2. Give your reaction to and define genetic engineering.
3. Explain the processes of photosynthesis & respiration. Include reactions, products, equations, and the connectedness of the two. Explain the BTB lab in explanation.
4. Explain the theme of surface area. Give 5 examples and what that increased area allows it to do.
5. Draw a DNA molecule. Label ALL of it's components & explain how it contrasts with RNA.
6. Draw a plant or animal cell. Draw 5 organelles and explain their function. Each organelle after 5 that you draw and explain is worth 1/2 a point.
Also, here are 8 surface areas.
Root Hairs - Plant
Alveoli - Lungs
Nephron - Kidney
Villi - Small Intestine
Thylakoids - Chloroplasts
Cristae - Mitochondria
Cerebrum - Brain
RBC - Body
Terms
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- Respiration and photosynthesis are related because
- Respiration used the products of Photosynthesis as reactants & vice versa
- A theory is a
- prediction
- G1
- Active Growth Period; Protein Synthesis; No Dividing; Nerve Cells and RBC stay here
- Fermentation takes place when there is a lack of
- Oxygen
- Schwann discovered
- Animal Cells
- During genetic engineering, the gene is inserted into the
- Bacterial plasmid
- Examples of Genetic Engineering
- HGH, Insulin
- Two Types of fermentation
- Lactic acid and Alcoholic
- Decomposition
- Breaking down reaction
- Leaf Stomates open in
- Light
- What two things get passed down through reproduction
- Genes and mutations
- The higher the magnification of a microscope, the
- Smaller the field of view is
- S
- DNA Synthesis of new set of genes; Errors = mutations (SOME harmful)
- Organic compounds contain
- C and H
- Telophase
- 2 new nuclear envelopes form round the 2 groups of chromosomes at poles and the cell splits
- Lipids are made up of
- Fatty acids and glycerol
- For an object to look normal under a microscope, it must be placed
- Upside down and backwards
- The age of Earth is
- 4,6 Billion
- Dark Reactions
- (Calvin Cycle) CO2 gets fixated into 2 molecules of PGA, then to PGAL with the NADPH + ATP form light
- G2
- Short growth with small amount of protein and RNA synthesis
- Schleiden discovered
- Plant Cells
- Metaphase
- Chromosomes line up in middle of cell
- The age of the earliest fossils
- 3.5 Billion
- Enzymes catalyze
- Specific substrates
- The cell membrane is made of
- Two Phospholipid layers
- Biogenesis
- Living cells can come only from other living cells
- Respiration Equation
- C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38ATP
- Photosynthesis Equation
- 6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
- Passive transport
- no energy needed
- Scientific Method
- Problem, Hypothesis, Experiment (Materials + Procedure), Results, Conclusion
- Unicelled eukaryotes produced
- New organisms
- Proteins are made up of
- Amino Acids
- At the end of mitosis, the cell begins
- G1 again
- Autotrophs are either photosynthetic or
- Chemosynthetic
- DNA Phosphates
- A+T, G+C
- Leaf Stomates swell with
- Water
- Ionic bonds are
- Stronger than hydrogen bonds, but weaker than covalent bonds
- Genetic Engineering
- Manipulating DNA in cells to improve health
- Cell Cycle
- DNA synthesis + cell reproduction
- Darwin's theory was based on
- Organisms changing over time, leading to variations
- RNA Phosphates
- A+U, G+C
- Electrons can either be
- shared or transferred
- Hydrogen bonds are
- Weak
- Nucleic Acids contain
- DNA and RNA
- Respiration Reactants
- C6H12O6 + 6O2
- The whole point of Respiration is to make
- 38 ATP
- Franklin and Wilkins discovered
- DNA is the same language in all organisms
- When dealing with a bioethical situation, three things you should are
- Weigh factors, respect human life, and don't play games
- Wilting is also known as
- Plasmolysis
- The age of our universe is
- 15Billion
- Multicelled eukaryotes used the cell cycle for
- Maintenance and repair of cell + growth
- Heat doesn't recycle because of
- Loss of heat
- M
- Mitosis stage with chromosome replication & production of 2 nuclei from 1 & cell division
- Prophase
- Chromosomes condense, nuclear envelope disappears, microtubules form spindle fibers which attach to centromeres of chromosomes
- DNA contains
- Deoxyribose Sugar
- Covalent bonds are
- Strong
- Vircow believed in
- Biogenesis
- Respiration Products
- 6CO2 + 6H2O
- Isotopes are different from regular molecule in that
- They have different numbers of neutrons
- Watson and Crick discovered
- The structure of DNA double helix
- Light Reactions
- Chlorophyll in thylakoids absorb light, convert it to ATP; Splits H2O into H2 + O, and NADP carries the H2 to the Calvin cycle
- The control is the
- Standard for comparison
- Prokaryotes produce new bacteria by
- Binary Fission
- Schwann & Schleiden developed the
- Cell Theory
- Hypertonic
- too little water and can shrivel (crenation)
- Photosynthesis Reactants
- 6CO2 + 6H20
- The number of neutrons =
- Mass # - Atomic #
- Phospholipids are made of
- Proteins
- Atom
- Smallest particle of element
- The Five Stages of the Cell Cycle
- Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
- Ecosystem
- Producer-Consumer-Decomposer
- Lamarck's theory was based on
- Acquired traits being inherited
- Isotonic
- equal amt. of solute on both sides
- Low osmotic pressure
- low solute = hypotonic
- The three steps of cellular, aerobic respiration
- Glycolysis, Krebs, ETC
- Hypotonic
- too much water and can lyse
- ATP and NADP are
- Energy storing compounds
- Urinary System
- Urea concentration is high in urine since kidneys keep the level of urea low in blood
- High osmotic pressure
- high solute = hypertonic
- Binary Fission is simpler than the
- Cell Cycle
- Photosynthesis Products
- C6H12O6 + 6O2
- The number of protons in a molecule =
- Electrons and Atomic #
- How many ATP does fermentation make
- 2
- RNA contains
- Ribose Sugar
- Anaphase
- Centromere divides and the 2 chromatids become separate chromosomes which move to opposite ends of the cell
- Peptide bonds connect
- Amino Acids
- The lower the magnification of a microscope, the
- Larger the field of view is
- Carbohydrates are made up of
- Monosaccharides
- The Four stages of Interphase
- G1, S, G2, M