a.c. exam part 1
Terms
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- DIRECT DEMOCRACY
- all the citizens met to debate government matters and vote first-hand
- CARD STACKING
- when you show what you have done for a past issue, not an issue for the greater good
- CAPITAL
- also called capital goods, previously manufactured goods used to make other goods and services, these are the tools, machinery, and buildings used to make products
- COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS
- requires you to compare the marginal costs and marginal benefits of a decision
- APARTHEID
- system of laws that separated racial and ethnic groups and limited the rights of blacks in South Africa
- DIVISION OF LABOR
- the breaking down of a job into separate, smaller tasks, which are performed by different workers
- DIRECTION
- Is public opinion on any given topic positive or negative?
- BILL OF RIGHTS
- first 10 amendments
- DYNASTIES
- families that hold power for many generations
- 14TH AMENDMENT
- defines a citizen as anyone "born or naturalized in the United States"
- COMMON LAW
- a system of law based on precedent and customs
- 24TH AMENDMENT
- Ended the poll tax, allowed a citizen to vote in a presidential or congressional election, whether they could pay or not to benefit the lower-class citizen, banned poll taxes in both state and national elections
- EQUILIBRIUM PRICE
- the points at which supply and demand achieve balance
- BALANCE OF TRADE
- the difference between the value of a nation's exports and its imports
- CONCURRENT POWERS
- Powers that both levels of government can exercise, examples: power to collect taxes, borrow money, and set up courts and prisons
- CIVICS
- the study of the rights and duties of citizens
- ABSOLUTE MONARCHS
- a monarch that has complete and unlimited power to rule their people
- COURT OF JUSTICE
- world court (ex. trading over seas)
- AUTHORITARIAN
- a government where one leader or group of people holds absolute power
- ENDORSEMENTS
- someone famous backing you up
- AFFIRMATIVE ACTION
- programs to try to make up for past discrimination
- DISCRIMINATION
- unfair treatment based on prejudice against a certain group
- CHECKS AND BALANCES
- Each branch of government is able to check the powers of the other branches to make sure that one branch doesn't become too strong
- CONSTITUTION
- written plan for government
- DEMAND ELASTICITY
- the extent to which a change in price causes a change in the quantity demanded
- BICAMERAL
- the government is divided into two parts, or houses
- DEMAND ELASTIC
- each change in price causes a relatively larger percentage change in quantity demand; reduce prices, sales increase - vice versa, when there are attractive substitutes, expensive items, if purchase can be postponed until later
- CITIZENSHIP
- the rights and privileges of a citizen
- ACID RAIN
- when coal-burning factories release sulfur dioxide gas into the air, and it mixes with water vapor, it falls to the earth
- COMMUNIST PARTY
- one class would evolve, property would all be held in common, and there would be no need for government; the central government directs all major economic decisions
- EITC
- gives tax credits and even cash payments to qualified workers
- CONSUMER SOVEREIGNTY
- describes the consumer as the "king", or ruler of the market, the one who determines what products will be produced
- DICTATORS
- a ruler who exercises complete control over a state
- ELECTORAL VOTES
- depending on the states population, is how many electoral votes they have, the people in the state vote for the president if that state has a big population then their votes will count for more?
- CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHIES
- the power of the hereditary ruler is limited by the country's constitution and laws
- ELECTORAL COLLEGE
- A group of people who would be named by each state legislature to select the president and vice president
- ECONOMICS
- the study of how we make decisions in the world where resources are limited
- DEVOLUTION
- transferring power to local authorities
- CAPITALIST SYSTEM
- a system where private own most, if not all, of the means of production and decide how to use them within legislated limits
- COLLECTIVE FARM
- small holdings that were combined to work jointly by groups of peasants under government supervision
- ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
- 1st constitution for the US; Set up a 1 house legislature; couldn't enforce laws, pay taxes, and couldn't amend unless all states agreed
- BANDWAGON
- persuasive, everyone is voting for me so you should too
- 3/5 COMPROMISE
- every 5 slaves counts as 3 people when considering the population of a state
- COMPETITION
- the struggle that goes on between buyers and sellers to get the best products at the lowest prices
- COMPLEMENTS
- they are used together
- DEMAND CURVE
- a graph that shows the amount of a product that would be bought at all possible prices in the market
- COERCIVE ACTS
- restricted colonies rights
- CENSORSHIP
- government cannot ban printed materials or films merely because they contain alarming or offensive ideas, cannot censor info before it is published
- DECLARATORY ACT
- Parliamentary had the right to tax and make decisions for the colonist
- CIVIL LIBERTIES
- the freedoms we have to think and act without government interference or fear of unfair treatment
- ANTI-FEDERALIST
- opposed the Constitution and felt that it gave too much power to the national government and took too much away from the states
- ENVIRONMENTAL DISTRUCTION
- coal burning factories, industries and motor vehicles, and acid rain are examples of things destroying the environment; we reduce pollution through conservation to help this issue
- DISCOUNT RATE
- the rate the Fed charges member banks for loans
- CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION
- the meeting in Philadelphia where they "revised" the Articles
- ALIENS
- non citizens