ACit Exam. Vocab.
Terms
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- compact
- an agreement or contract among a group of people
- private property rights
- we have freedom to own and use or dispose of your own property as we choose as long as we do not interfere with the rights of others
- repealed
- cancelled
- Electoral College
- a group of people who would be names by each state legislature to select the president and vice president
- prime minister
- head of Parliament
- political action committees
- interest groups that collect money from members to support their candidate
- democracy
- when the people rule the government
- print media
- newspapers, magazines, newsletters, and books.
- exchange rate
- what the price of your nation's currency is in terms of another nation's currency
- legislature
- a law making body
- concurrent powers
- powers that both levels of government can exercise
- civics
- the study of the rights and duties of citizens.
- trade deficit
- whenever the value of the products it imports exceeds the value of the products it exports.
- Great Compromise
- compromise reached to decide what kind of government to have in the 13 colonies
- bicameral
- divided into two parts
- dynasties
- families that hold power for many generations
- Lobbyists
- representatives of interest groups who contact lawmakers or other government officials directly to influence their policy making
- expressed powers
- powers specifically granted to the national government
- public agenda
- the problems that compete for the government's attention.
- collective farms
- farms worked jointly by groups of peasants under government supervision.
- Federalists
- supporters of the consitution
- monarch
- a king or queen
- amend
- change
- Constitutional Convention
- the meeting of men to write a new consitution
- government
- the ruling authority for a community
- public opinion
- includes the ideas and attitudes that more people hold about elected officials, candidates, government, and political issues.
- representative democracies
- when citizens choose a smaller group to represent them, makes laws, and govern on their behalf, but the people remain the source of the government's authority.
- North American Free Trade Agreement
- This includes US, Canada, and Mexico
- direct democracy
- when each citizen has the right and responsibility to participate in the city's government.
- capitalism
- economic system in which private citizens own and use the factors of production in order to seek a profit
- runoff primary
- a "tie-breaker" between top two vote getters
- mass media
- the TV, radio, books, newspapers, magazines, recordings and movies that communicate broadly with mass amounts of people.
- economics
- the study of how we make decisions in a world where resources are limited.
- charter
- a written document granting land and the authority to set up colonial government
- legislative branch
- branch of lawmakers
- parliamentry system
- Great Britains form of government
- Three Fifths Compromise
- the compromise that said every 5 slaves were counted as 3 free people in voting and taxing
- marginal benefit
- the additional or extra benefit associated with an action
- nomination
- whne political parties select and offer candidates for office
- protectionism
- is a nation's policy to protect its industries from foreign competition by imposing tariffs
- dictators
- rulers that exercise complete control over the state
- electronic media
- radio, TV, and the internet.
- dictatorship
- a government controlled by one person of a small group of people
- mercantilism
- the theory that a country should sell more goods than it buys
- free enterprise
- competition allowed to flourish with a minimum of government interference
- civil rights
- the rights of full citizenship and equality under law
- trade-off
- alternative you face if you decide to so one thing rather than another
- scarcity
- occurs when we do not have enough resources to produce all of the things we would like to have.
- socialism
- the belief that the means of production should be owned and controlled by society, wither directly or through government
- reserved powers
- powers that the consitution does not give to the national gov.
- terrorism
- the use of violence against civilians to achieve a political goal
- independence
- slef-reliance and freedom from outside control
- public opinion poll
- questions or survey given to the public.
- balance of trade
- the difference between the value of a nation's exports and its imports
- economic models
- simplified representations of the real world that are used to explain how the economy works, or predict what would happen if something in the economy should change.
- preamble
- the introduction to the consitution
- The European Union
- an organization of independent European nations.
- petition
- a signed paper supporting a candidate not of a party
- imported
- purchased from abroad
- trade surplus
- whenever the value of its exports exceeds the value of its imports.
- popular sovereignty
- the notion that power lies with the people
- executive branch
- the branch that carries out the laws
- ammendment
- a change in the consitution
- patriotism
- love for one's country
- constitution
- a written plan for government
- Anti-Federalists
- those who opposed the consitution
- human rights
- the fundamental rights that belong to every person on earth.
- rule of law
- means that the law applies to everyone, even the government
- direct primaries
- an election in which voters shoose candidates to represent each party in a general election
- developing countries
- countries whose average per capita income is only a fraction of that in more industrialized countries
- opportunity cost
- the cost of the next best use of your time or money when you choose to so one thing rather than another
- prior restraint
- government censorship of material before it is published.
- profit
- amount of money left over after all the cost of production have been paid
- pollster
- a person whose job is to conduct polls regularly.
- aliens
- non-citizens
- immigrants
- people that settle here and become naturalized citizens
- Parliament
- Great Britains legislature
- Bill of Rights
- first 10 ammendments of the consitution
- comparative advantage
- the ability of a country to produce a good at a lower cost than another country can.
- precedent
- a model to follow
- racial profiling
- being singles out as suspects becuase of the way a person looks
- plurality
- the most votes among all those running
- delegates
- representatives
- authoritarian
- in which power is held by an individual or group not accountable to the people
- judicial branch
- system of courts
- federalism
- a form of government in which power is divided between the federal of national government and the states
- open primary
- an election inwhich voters do not need to declare their party preference in order to vote for that party's nominees.
- colonies
- a group of people in one place who are ruled by a parent country elsewhere
- mixed economy
- combines basic elements of a pure market economy and a command economy.
- global interdependence
- means that people and nations worldwide depend on one another for many goods and services
- public policy
- the course of action the government takes in response to an issue or problem.
- communism
- in which one class would evolve, property would all be held in common, and there would be no need for government
- public policy
- a course of government action to achieve community goals.
- leak
- to secretly pass on information
- closed primary
- an election in which only the declared members of a part are allowed to vote for that party's nominees.
- discrimination
- unfair treatment based on prejudice against certain groups
- deported
- sent back to own country
- majority rule
- when differences of opinion arise, the government abides by what most people want.
- devolution
- trasnferring power to local authorities
- free trade
- means convincing countries to pass laws the block or limit trade.
- market economy
- the decisions are made in free markets based on the interaction of supply and demand
- cost-benefit analysis
- the economical model used to compare the marginal costs and marginal benefits of a decision
- budget
- a plan for collecting and spending money
- marginal cost
- the extra cost of producing one additional unit of output.
- affirmative action
- progrmas that try to make up fir past dicrimination
- political party
- an association of voters with broad common interests who want to influence or control decision making in government by electing the party's candidates to public office
- naturalization
- the process by which people become citiznes
- citizens
- community members who owe loyalty to the government and are entitled to protection from it.
- exported
- sold to other countries
- command economy
- in which the individual have little influence over how the basic economy functions
- competition
- struggle between buyers and sellers to get the best product at the lowest price
- World Trade organization
- oversees trade among nations
- third parties
- parties that challenge other parties but have never won an election
- segregation
- separation of races
- confederation
- a group of individuals who band together for a common purpose
- consumer soverneignty
- describes the consumer as the king of the market the one who determines what products will be produced
- unitary system
- system of government in which power is centralized
- libel
- printing fake information that will harm a person's reputation.
- two-party system
- a system of government with two political parties
- public interest group
- groups that work to benefit all of society
- ratified
- approved
- migration
- a mass movement of people
- income tax
- a tax on peoples earnings
- plank
- each individual part of the platform
- interest group
- a group of people that share a point of view and unite to promote their beliefs.
- platform
- a series of statements expressing the party's principles, beliefs, and positions on election issues
- absolute monarch
- rulers who had unlimited authority to rule as they wished.
- traditional economies
- where things are "always done as they have been done
- common law
- the system of law based on precendents and customs