Quarter 3 Civics Final
Terms
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- Steps in Civil Cases
- 1.) Hiring a lawyer 2.) Filing the complaint 3.) Pretrial discovery 4.) Resolution Without Trial/Trial 5.) The Award
- Incorporation
- a process that extended the protections of the Bill of Rights against the actions of state and local governments; the process of setting up a legal community under the state law
- Jus Soli
- "law of the soil" - birth in the United States
- Non-Resident Alien
- a person from a foreign country who expects to stay in the United States for a short, specified period of time.
- Transfer
- associating a patriotic symbol with a candidate
- Sedition
- speech or actions urging resistance to lawful authority or advocating the overthrow of the government
- Property Law
- deals with the use and ownership of property
- Ticket
- candidates for president and vice president
- The Bandwagon
- Urging votes to support a candidate because everyone else is
- Free Exercise Clause
- the First Amendment guarantee that prohibits government from unduly interfering with the free exercise of religion
- Double Jeopardy
- retrial of a person who was acquitted in a previous trial for the same crime
- Splinter Party
- splits away from one of the major parties because of some disagreement
- Illegal Alien
- a person who comes to the United States without a legal permit, such as a passport, visa, or entry permit.
- Election Day
- the first Tuesday after the first Monday of November
- Fourth Amendment
- guarantees "the right of people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures."
- Naturalization
- the legal process by which a person is granted the rights and privileges of a citizen
- First Amendment
- protects the civil liberties of individuals in the United States (ex: freedom of speech, religion, assembly, press, protest)
- Enemy Alien
- a citizen of a nation with which the United States is at war
- Establishment Clause
- the First Amendment guarantee that "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion"
- Sixth Amendment
- guarantees a defendant the right "to have the assistance of counsel for his defense."
- Jus Sanguinis
- "law of blood" - citizenship by birth to an American parent
- Labeling
- Name calling; identifying a candidate with a term such as "un-American"
- Card Stacking
- giving only one side of the facts to support a candidate's position
- Coalition Government
- one formed by several parties who combine forces to obtain a majority
- Expatriation
- giving up one's citizenship by leaving one's native country to live in a foreign country
- Constitutional Law
- law that involves the interpretation and application of the U.S. Constitution and state constitutions
- PACs
- set up specifically to help finance the campaigns of candidates friendly to their cause
- Conservatives
- believe in limiting the role of government, except in supporting traditional moral values. Believe private individuals, not the government, should solve social problems. Believe in traditional family values & responsible actions. More opposed to change. "right wing"
- Arrest Warrant
- an order signed by a judge naming the individual to be arrested for a specific crime
- Family Law
- deals with relationships among family members (marriage, divorce, and parent-child issues)
- Types of Interest Groups
- Business-Related Interest Groups, Labor-Related Interest Groups, Agricultural Interest Groups, Professional Associations, Environmental Interest Groups, Public-Interest Groups, Interest Groups in Government
- FEC
- regulates PACs and other campaign finance issues
- Contract Law
- deals with contract - a set of voluntary promises, enforceable by the law, between parties who agree to do or not do something
- Steps in Criminal Cases
- 1.) Investigation & Arrest 2.) Initial Appearance 3.) Preliminary Hearing or Grand Jury 4.) Plea Bargaining 5.) Arraignment and Pleas 6.) The Trial 7.) The Decision 8.) The Sentencing
- Lobbyists
- interest group representatives
- Single-Issue Party
- focuses exclusively on one major social, economic, or moral issue.
- Ideological Party
- focuses on overall change in society
- Lobbying
- direct contact made by a lobbyist in order to persuade government officials to support the policies their interest group favors
- Nineteenth Amendment
- "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex."
- Tort Law
- deals with torts - any wrongful act, other than breach of contract, for which the injured party has the right to sue for damages in a civil court.
- Plain Folks
- Identifying the candidate as "just one of the common people"
- Testimonial
- A celebrity endorses a candidate
- One Party Systems
- The party is essentially the government. Usually have authoritarian governments or may be a theocracy.
- Political Socialization
- process by which individuals learn their political beliefs and attitudes through personal background and life experiences
- Plea Bargaining
- the process in which a defendant pleads guilty to a lesser crime than the one with which the defendant was originally charged
- Refugees
- people fleeing to escape persecution or danger
- Liberals
- believe the government should actively promote health, education, and justice. Open to change & believe in government involvement. "left wing"
- Fifteenth Amendment
- first effort to extend suffrage to African Americans nationwide after the Civil War. No state can deprive any citizen of the right to vote "on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude."
- Censorship
- also known as prior restraint - banning, editing, or eliminating information before it is published
- Spin
- Interpreting a political event or statement from a particular point of view
- Defamatory Speech
- false speech that damages a person's good name, character or reputation
- An Information
- is a sworn statement by the prosecution asserting that there is sufficient evidence to go to trial.
- Resident Alien
- a person from a foreign nation who has established permanent residence in the United States. Thus, immigrants are resident aliens until they become naturalized citizens.
- Common Law
- law made by judges in the process of resolving individual cases - also called case law