Revolutionary War Terms

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plural establishment: state funded religion under the direction of the individual; colonial idea, however, led to modern divisions of Church and State
rage militaire: massive desire to join the military; trend during the first year of the war
Common Sense: 1776; Thomas Paine; first to call for American independence from Britain; criticized monarchs; bougth buy the masses; highly circulated; radical ideas; undermined the whole British government; created a political government: support Paine - denounce king
Federalist/Anti-Federalist: different opinions regarding representation, executive powers, military, Bill of Rights, slavery, and foreign affairs; strong central government vs. state governments
Peace of Paris: 1783; end of the Revolutionary War; granted certain lands to the US; upset the balance of power in Europe; established US boundaries; fishing rights; share teh Mississippi River
Mount Vernon Conference: 1785; led to the Philadelphia Convention; Washinton started the Potomac Company; Marland and Virginia settled land disputes; success led to the Annapolis Convention
The Great Compromise: 1787; combined the Virginia and New Jersey Plans; resulted after it appeared that the Constitutional Convention would break up; resolved the problem of state representation; bicameral legislature
Southern Strategy: strategy to move the action of the war into the South
Hessians: Germans who fought for Great Britain during the Revolutionary War
Battle of Saratoga: 1777; almost an American victory; however, the arrival of a German army allowed the British to win temporarily; however, after nearly a month of battle, the Americans forced the British to surrender; one of the most decisive victories in American and world history; victory convinced French to join the war efforts against the British
Northwest Ordinance: 1787; template for territorial expansion; came after the Land Ordinance of 1785; more conservative than previous ordinance; established territories that would eventually become states
Articles of Confederation: 1781; first US Constitution; sovereign states; states held all powers not explicitly assigned to Congress
Virginia and New Jersey Plans: VA: representation by state population - resulted in the House;
NJ: equal representation (smaller state) - resulted in the Senate
Connecticut Compromise: Same as the Great Compromise
manumission: slaveholder chose to free a slave; happened in the north and south
coverture: women's legal rights were merged with those of her husband; forfeit all property rights to one's husband
Shays' Rebellion: 1786; New England farmers rebelled against merchants and high taxes; rebellion ended due to the election of a more representative government and also the formation of the US Constitution; Daniel Shays; clash between rich and poor, as well as modern industry and agriculture
Seneca Falls: 1848; women coming together to rewrite the Declaration of Independence to include women; shows what the Revolution failed to accomplish as well as how powerful it still was - referred to Revolutionary documents
Ben Franklin: ideas of civic virtue; republicanism; idea preceeded the times; one of the first to think continentally instead of provincially
republicanism: POLITICAL: representative government, popular sovereignty
ECONOMIC: economic independence, (agrarian society - self-sufficiency)
SOCIAL: civic duty, virtue, MALES: bread winner, economic independence, voter; FEMALES: republican motherhood

Political, Economic and Social aspects are all interconnected and often dependent upon each other
Philadelphia Convention: 1785; Articles of Confederation are no longer sufficient; nation is too weak; need for a stronger national government; delegates looked to state constitutions for positive ideas adn to the Articles for weaknesses to avoid
Burke Amendment: "Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom and independence, and every power, jurisdiction and right, which is not by this confederation expressly delegates."; Thomas Burke, NC; fought for states' rights; eventually became Article II of the Articles of Confederation
Potomac Company: created by George Washington; Washington saw teh Potomac River as a way to move populations to the fertile lands of the interior; Potomac Company would clear the river; leades to Mount Vernon Conference, Annapolis Convention and Philadelphia Convention
Newburgh Conspiracy: 1782; problems with army; soldiers wanted back-pay and compensation; defused by Washington; hinted at a coup d'etat (overthrow of the government)
Land Ordinance of 1784: western lands; territories will become states with equal footing; Jefferson's ideas; covered area between the Appalachians and the Mississippi and from Florida to teh Lakes; grid pattern
Land Ordinance of 1785: created a grid pattern to separate land to sell as private property; limited disputes between settlers regarding lot lines; land was to be freely bought, held and sold
Fugitive Slave Act: 1793; protected slaveholders; return runaways to their masters; fined people who did not cooperate; allowed people to falsely accuse free slaves
Atlantic Slave Trade: triangular trade from West Africa through the Middle Passage to the New World; abolished in 1807 in the US; opposed by religious factions (Quakers)
Annapolis Convention: 1786; John Tyler pursauded Virginia to invite the other states to send delegates to Annapolis, Maryland, to discuss a broad range of commercial questions; result of success at Mount Vernon Conference; led to Philadelphia Convention
gradual emancipation: after the war, slavery in teh North began to change; Connecticut and Rhode Island passed laws of gradual emancipation designed to slowly "phase out" slavery in 1784; worked by releasing the unborn children of slaves; became primary form of abolition throughout most of New England
Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom: 1786; prohibited all forms of state intervention in religious affiars; sang praises to freedom of intellectual speculation in the search for truth, and uniquely, its benefits were explicitly intended to be universal in application, rather than confined to Protestants or even Christians
separation of church and state: established by the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (1786)
Bank of the United States: part of Alexander Hamilton's financial program; founded with federal and private capital, the bank helped replace teh credit and other financial services located in Great Britain during the colonial period
Enlightenment: there were certain natural laws of human society which gave rise to natural rights, that national analysis could identify, adapt and apply those laws in a given situation, and that it was possible to construct progressive systems which improved on those that had preceded them, belief in human progress
U.S. Constitution: written primary by James Madison

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