US History Chapter 2
Terms
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- John Winthrop
- Wrote "City on a HIll" and lead the founding of Jamestown.
- Jacque Cartier
- Explored St. Lawrence River, establishing first settlements in Quebec.
- Samuel de Champlain
- Royal geographer, hired to help colonize America. Established a colony in Nova Scotia.
- Joint-Stock Companies
- A system for colonization where many investors buy a ship and supplies to establish a settlement in America
- Anglican Church
- Official church of England, formed when Henry VIII was refused a divorce by the Catholic Church
- Giovanni da Verrazano
- Explored and mapped the Eastern Coastland of America, trying to find the Northwest Passage to Asia for France.
- Conquistadors
- Spanish conquerors of South America and Mexico.
- Northwest Passage
- A hypothetical route around the Northwest of North America, leading to Asia.
- Enclosure Movement
- Social movement where rich farmers began to enclose their land to raise sheep and sell wool. Led to the poor moving to cities.
- Roger Williams
- Young minister who founded Providence, Rhode Island
- Jamestown
- First permanent English colony in the New World.
- Massachusetts Bay Colony
- The first Puritan colony, founded as the "City on a Hill".
- Francisco Pizarro
- Explored the western coastline of South America, encountering, and later conquering, the Incaans.
- Malinche
- Mistress to Cortes who traveled with him and his men, aiding in his conquest of Mexico.
- Lord Baltimore
- Founded Marylans as a Catholic refuge in the New World.
- Hernan Cortes
- Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztecs by allowing them to think of the Spaniards as deities
- John Rolfe
- Key ambassador to Powhatans, married Pocahontas.
- Maryland Toleration Act
- Freedom of worship for all Christians in Maryland, established after friction between protestants and catholics
- "City on a Hill"
- A proposed perfect city of god in the new world.
- Anne Hutchinson
- Devout Puritan who came to be exiled from the church for her dissenting opinions of certain ministers.
- Water Raleigh / Roanoke
- A lost colony, the settlers completely disappeared. Second attempt founded North Carolina
- Jeronimo de Aguilar
- Friar, captured by Mayans, learned their language, and assisted with Spanish conquest of the Mayans.
- House of Burgesses
- First legislative assembly of the new world, in charge of governing Jamestown.
- Restoration
- The reinstatement of the monarchy system in England.
- John Smith
- Leader of Jamestown, kickstarted colony's life. Greatly contributed to Jamestown's success
- Puritans
- Fundamentalist Christians who stressed the value of community. Theocracy.
- John Calvin
- Protestant reformer who sought to establish a new Calvinist church.
- Louis Joliet & Jacque Marquette
- Discovered the Mississippi in 1673.
- Powhatan Confederacy
- The organization of Powhatan Tribes led by Chief Powhatan. Jamestown colonists traded with these natives.
- Encomienda System
- In this system, Spaniards were rewarded with control over a few Native American villages, earning taxes.
- Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
- The first official constitution in the new world. Established Connecticut as a Puritan state where Adult men could vote for the leaders of the church.
- Council of the Indies
- Spanish council in charge of the American colonies who advised the king.
- Headright System
- Colonist in Jamestown pays fees for travel to America in exchange for 7 years of labor
- Rene-Robert Cavelier de la Salle
- Explored Mississippi river to its end in the Gulf of Mexico
- Starving Time
- Period of starving and cannibalism in Jamestown after John Smith left the colony
- Protestant Reformation
- The effort to reform the Catholic Church away from corruption
- Martin Luther
- The first church reformist, who posted his 95 theses on the door of a Catholic church.
- Proprietary Colony
- A colony where the king grants land to an individual to establish a colony.
- Great Migration
- The mass migration of the poor from the poor living conditions in England to the spacious forests of North America
- Virginia Company
- Joint-stock company which founded Jamestown.