Social Studies Vocab
Social Studies vocabulary review for Mid-term
Terms
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- casualty
- a military person killed, wounded, or captured
- bounty
- money given as a reward, as to encourage enlistment in the army
- The Gilded Age
- the name associated with America in the late 1800s, referring to the extravagent wealth and the terrible poverty that lay underneath
- segregation
- the seperation or isolation of a race, class, or group
- shareholder
- a person who invests in a corporation by buying stock and is a partial owner
- amnesty
- the granting of pardon to a large number of persons; protection from prosecution for an illegal act
- sectionalism
- loyalty to a region
- Reconstruction
- the reorganization and rebuilding of the former Confederate states after the Civil War
- scalawag
- name given by former Confederates to Southern whites who supported Republican Reconstruction of the South
- tenement
- a building in which several families rent rooms or apartments, often with little sanitation or safety
- rebate
- discount or return of part of a payment
- strikebreaker
- person hired to replace a striking worker in order to break up a strike
- nomadic
- moving from place to place with no permanet home
- monopoly
- total control of a type of industry bye one person or one company
- sharecropping
- system of farming in which a farmer works land for an owner who provides equipment and seeds and receives a share of the crop
- yellow journalism
- writng which exaggerates sensational, dramtic, and gruesome events to attract readers, named for stories that were popular during the late 1800s; a type of sensational, biased, and often false reporting
- Yankee
- Union soldier
- lynching
- putting to death a person by illegal action of a mob
- standard gauge
- the uniform width of 4 feet, 8.5 inches for the railroad tracks, adopted during the 1880s
- black codes
- laws passed in the South just after the Civl War aimed at controlling freedmen and enabling plantation owners to exploit African-American workers
- secede
- to leave or withdraw
- Populist Party
- U.S. political party formed in 1852 representing mainly farmers, favoring free coinage of silver and government control of railroads and other monopolies
- arsenal
- a storage place for weapons and ammunition
- impeach
- to formally charge a public official with misconduct in office
- trade union
- organization of workers with the same trade or skill
- assembly line
- a production system with machines and workers arranged so that each person performs an assigned task again and again as the item passes before him or her
- reservation
- an area of public lands ser aside for Native Americans
- fugitive
- runaway or trying to runaway
- consolidation
- the practice of combining seperate companies into one
- vertical integration
- the combining of companies that supply equipment and services needed for a particular industry
- mass production
- the production of large equantities of goods using machinery and often an assembly line
- carpetbagger
- name given to Northern whites who moved South after the war and supported the Republicans
- popular sovereignty
- political theory that government is subject to the will of the people; before the Civil War, the idea that people living in a teritory had the right to decide by voting if slavery would be allowed there
- ironclad
- armored naval vessel
- trust
- a combination of firms or corporations formed by a legal agreement, especially to reduce competition
- border ruffians
- Missourians who traveled in armed groups to vote in Kansas's election during the mid-1850s
- stock
- shares of ownership a company sells in its which often carry voting power
- assimilate
- to absorb a group into the culture of a larger population
- dividend
- a stockholder's share of a company's profits, usually as a cash payment
- states' rights
- rights and powers independents of the federal government that are reserved for the states by the Constitution; the belief that states' rights supersede federal rights and law
- greenback
- a piece of U.S. paper money first issued by the North during the Civil War
- corporation
- a group that is authorized by law to carry on an activity but having the rights and duties of a single person
- cooperative
- store where farmers bought products from each other; an enterprise owned and operated by those who use its servies
- suburb
- residental areas that sprang up close to or surrounding cities as a result of improvements in transportation
- grandfather clause
- a clause that allowed individuals who did not pass the literac test to vote if their fathers or grandfathers had voted before Reconstruction began; an exception to a law based on preexisting circumstances
- secession
- withdrawal from the Union
- injunction
- a court order to stop an action, such as a strike
- civil war
- conflict between opposing groups of citizens of the same country
- border state
- the states between the North and the South that were divided over whether to stay in the Union or join the Confederacy
- vaudeville
- stage entertainment made up of various acts, such as dancing, singing, comedy, and magic shows
- poll tax
- a tax of a fixed amount per person that had to be paid before the person could vote
- open range
- land not fenced or divided into lots
- transcontinental
- extending across a continent
- pool
- a group sharing in some activity, for example, among railroad barons who made secret agreements and set rates among themselves
- emancipate
- to free from slavery
- blockade
- cut off an area by means of troops or warships to stop supplies ot people from coming in or going out; to close off a country's ports
- offensive
- position of attacking or the attack itself
- literacy test
- a method used to prevent African Americans from voting by requiring prospective voters to read and write at a specified level
- habeas corpus
- a legal order for an inquiry to determine whether a person has been lawfully imprisoned
- Rebel
- Confederate soldier, so called because of opposition to the established government
- subsidy
- grant of money from the government to a person or a company for an action intended to benefit the public
- ore
- a mineral mined for the valuable substance it contains, such as silver
- sweatshop
- a shop or factory where workers work long hours at low wages under unhealthy conditions
- ethnic group
- a minority that speaks a different language or follows different customs than the majority of people in a country
- realism
- an approach to literature, art, and theater that shows things as they really are
- merger
- the combining of two or more businesses into one
- horizontal intergration
- the combining of competing firms into one corporation
- vigilante
- people who take the law into their own hands
- free silver
- the unlimited production of silver coins
- martyr
- a person who sacrifices his or her life for a principle or cause
- philanthropy
- cheritable acts or gifts of money to benefit the community
- lode
- a mass or strip of ore sandwiched between layers of rock
- blockade runner
- ship that sails into and out of a blockaded area
- dry farming
- a way of farming dry land in whcih seeds are planted deep in ground where there is some moisture
- ragtime
- a type of music with a stong rhythm and a lively melody with acccented notes, which was popular in early 1900s
- freedmen
- a person freed from slavery
- collective bargaining
- discussion between an employer and union representatives of workers over wages, hours, and working conditions
- draft
- the selection of persons for required military service