Reconstruction Era
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- 13th amendment
- Freed all slaves and outlawed slavery
- New South
- Post-Reconstruction South
- Poll Tax
- a tax of a fixed amount per person and payable as a requirement for the right to vote
- Tuskegee Institute
- Booker T. Washington built this school to educate black students on learning how to support themselves and prosper
- Greenbacks
- Name for Union paper money not backed by gold or silver. Value would fluctuate depending on status of the war (plural)
- Wade-Davis Bill
- Authorized president to appoint a provisional governor for each conquered state.
- freedmen's bureau
- Set up to help former slaves adjust to their freedom (2 words),
- Convict-lease system
- Southern states leased gangs of convicted criminals to private interests as a brutal and at times fatal mistreatment.
- Presidential Reconstruction
- Lincoln's plan to rebuild the South after the Civil War. His basic policy was to avoid punishment of the South because he wanted to make sure that he could bring the South back into the Union.
- Oliver Howard
- General, directed the Freedman's Bureau
- First Civil Rights Act - 1866
- Declared blacks to be citizens of the United States and gave the federal government power to intervene in state affairs to protect the rights of citizens.
- Redeemers
- Individuals behind the democratic party's return to power in the south at the end of reconstruction
- Alabama Claims
- America's demand that England pay for the damage that the confederate ships had caused.
- Grandfather Laws
- Permitted people to vote if grandfathers or other ancestors had voted before reconstruction.
- Liberal Republicans
- Party formed in 1872 (split from the ranks of the Republican Party) which argued that the Reconstruction task was complete and should be set aside. Significantly dampered further Reconstructionist efforts.
- Whiskey Ring
- big scandal, supposed to insure taxes on whiskey were paid but they took bribes to charge less, dozens convicted
- Crop Lien System
- System that allowed farmers to get more credit. They used harvested crops to pay back their loans.
- John Wilkes Booth
- United States actor and assassin of President Lincoln (1838-1865)
- Thaddeus Stevens
- Man behind the 14th Amendment, which ends slavery. Stevens and President Johnson were absolutely opposed to each other. Known as a Radical Republican
- Credit Mobilier
- Company that overcharged Union Pacific for the work they did, done with the knowledge of some members of Congress
- Literacy Test
- A test given to persons to prove they can read and write before being allowed to register to vote
- Seward's Folly
- many criticized William Seward's purchase of Alaska from Russia for 7.2 million dollars, calling it his folly.
- Civil Service Reform
- Congress took action in the late 19th century to protect ethical politicians and create standards for political service; including, a civil service test for those seeking a job in government.
- Joel Chandler Harris
- Wrote 'Uncle Remus' folk tales; slave society as harmonious world
- Atlanta Compromise
- The speech given by Booker T. Washington at the Atlanta Cotton Expo was known as this compromise. His major philosophy in this was accommodation, not integration. He felt that blacks needed to strive to be totally successful and yet totally separate from the white community.
- Indian Ring
- bribes to retain an indian post-trader in office
- Jim Crow
- Laws written to separate blacks and whites in public areas/meant African Americans had unequal opportunities in housing, work, education, and government
- Black Codes
- Legal restrictions on blacks, such as cannot serve on juries, no interracial marriage
- Scalawags
- southern whites who supported republican policy throught reconstruction
- Grantism
- Grants way of dealing with the presidency, which disillusioned many Northern Republicans, included his continuing support of Radical Reconstruction policies, and the corruption within the Grant administration itself.
- Congressional Reconstruction
- The "real" reconstruction plan, it involved the Radical Republican's plans which override Johnson's vetoes
- Booker T. Washington
- founder of Tuskegee Institute; urged blacks to follow paths of self improvement.
- Carpetbaggers
- northern whites who moved to the south and served as republican leaders during reconstruction
- James B. Duke
- Owner of an American Tobacco Company, which established a virtual monopoly over the processing of raw tobacco into marketable materials.
- Compromise of 1877
- the political deal that gave the presidency to Hayes and ended Reconstruction
- Horace Greeley
- was an American editor of a leading newspaper, a founder of the Republican party, reformer and politician. ; lost in election of 1872
- Henry Grady
- editor of the Atlanta Constitution, and was a very storng supporter of the Bourbon Triumvirate
- 14th amendment
- Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws
- Andrew Johnson
- 17th President of the United States
- Ku Klux Klan
- White supremacy organization that intimidated blacks out of their newly found liberties
- 15th amendment
- citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude
- Lynchings
- executions without proper court precedings.
- Sharecroppers/Tenants
- people who live and work another person's land, people who rent a plot of land from another person, and farm it in exchange for a share of the crop
- Tenure of Office Act
- Makes it illegal for president to replace officers who have been confirmed by Congress without Congressional approval
- Ida B. Wells
- A photographer who took intense pictures which spoke out agianst lynching
- Plessy vs. Ferguson 1896
- Case with a debate about separate seating arrangements for the races on railroads.
- Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan
- More like welcoming states back with least penalty. no new amendments.
- Panic of 1873
- financial crisis that started an economic depression
- Charles Sumner
- Senator of Massachusetts who gave a powerful antislavery speech entitled ''The Crime Against Kansas'' in congress