Mendelian Genetics Terms
Terms
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- co-dominant alleles
- two different alleles at a locus are responsible for different phenotypes, and both alleles affect the phenotypes of the heterozygote
- sex-linked
- a gene coded ona sex chromosome, such as the X- chromosome linked genes of flies and man
- incomplete dominance
- Intermediate phenotype in F1, parental phenotypes reappear in F2
- monoecious
- Organisms produce both male and female gametes
- autosomal
- a locus on any chromosome but a sex chromosome. Not sex linked
- homologous chromosomes
- The pair of chromosomes in a diploid individual that have the same overall genetic content.
- F 2 generation
- Offspring of a cross involving the F1 Generation
- pleiotropic
- a single gene determines more than one phenotype for an organsim
- epistasis
- One gene masks the expression of a different gene for a different trait
- hybrid
- heterozygous: usually referring to the offspring of two true- breeding individuals
- mendel's law of Independent assortment of alleles
- Alleles of different genes are assorted independently of one another during the formation of gamets
- sex chromosomes
- sex determination is based on sex chromosomes
- monohybrid cross
- Cross involving parents differing in only one trait
- homozygous
- If there is only one copy of a gene for a particular trait in a diploid organism
- F 1 generation
- Offspring of a cross between true breeding plants, homozygous for the trait of interest
- alleles
- different forms of a gene. Y and y are different alleles of the gene that determines seed color. Alleles occupy the same locus, or position, on chromosomes
- genotype
- the genetic constitution of an organism with respect to a trait.
- heterozygous
- Differing alleles for a trait in an individual such as Yy
- lethal alleles
- Mutated genes that are capable of causing death
- dioecious
- organisms produce only one type of gamet: i.e. humans
- partial linkage
- describes one of the inheritance patterns for 2 genes on the same chromosome, when the expected frequency for crossover between the loci is greater than zero but less than one.
- recessive trait
- the opposite of dominant. A trait that is preferentially masked
- dominant trait
- a trait expressed preferentially over another trait
- reciprocal cross
- Using male and female
- wild-type allele
- The non-mutant form of a gene, encoding the normal genetic function. Generally but not always a dominant allele.
- mutation
- Change in the DNA sequence of a gene to some new, heritable form
- Linkage
- genes that are inherited together on the same chromosome.
- Drosophila melanogaster
- the fruit fly, a favorite organism for genetic analysis
- non-linkage
- describes the inheritance patterns for 2 genes on the same chromosome, when the expected frequency for crossover between the loci is at least one .
- homozygous
- both alleles for a trait are the same in an individual.
- true-breeding
- homozygous for the true-breeding trait
- test cross
- general cross involving a homozygous recessive individual.
- phenotype
- The physical appearance of an organism when respect to a trait
- complete linkage
- describes the inheritance patterns for 2 genes on the same chromosome when the observed frequency for crossover between the loci is zero
- mendel's law of segregation
- Alleles segregate from one another during the formation of gametes