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History Exam

Terms

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neolithic age
the new stone age
priest-king
sumerian priests who were also kings
hereditary
passed down from parent to child
Aphrodite
goddess of love and beauty
Medes
neighboring people of Persia who soon conquered Persia
embalming
to prserve the bodies of dead
kilns
ovens
agora
a marketplace
Council of elders
retired soldiers who gave suggestions toward governmental decisions
bull leaping
a form of bullfighting
helots
enslaved people owned by city-states
shadoof
a machine used to lift water out of the Nile into basins
mummy
a wrapped body
cueniform
a kind of Sumerian writing
ziggurat
a sumerian temple
Sophocles
one great writer of tragedies
Minotaur
a huge greek monster in the Minoans and Mycenaens chapter
Sparta
located in the south-central region of Greece
Book of the Dead
a book studied by egyptians
scribe
a writer
Apollo
god of the sun; patron of truth, archery, music, medicine, and prophecy
Athens
Northeast of Sparta
logic
the study of reasoning
ephors
five managers
"Hanging Gardens"
layered beds of earth planted with trees, vines, and shrubs
city-state
a civilization with government, religion, economy, society, etc.
Thebes
an egyptian city
levees
raised areas of soil
Old Kingdom
the first part of the 3 kingdoms
Mohenjo Daro
a settlement at the bottom of the Indus River Valley
Osiris
the god of harvest and eternal life
ancestors
those whom one is decended
Thutmose
a warrior pharaoh of the new kingdom
Lydia
a tiny kingdom in Asia Minor bordering the Agean Sea/ invented coins
fired
baked in the sun
Peloponnesian war
a 30 year war between Athens and Sparta
Artemis
goddess of the moon; mighty hunters; and the rainer of arrows; guardian of cities, young animals, and women; twin sister of Apollo
Narmer
king of upper Egypt
acropolis
a fortified hill
home territory
area where food was searched for by bands
nomad
a wandering herder
civil war
wars between opposing groups of citizens
paleolithic age
the old stone age
covenant
an agreement
Aryans
a group of people who take over the Indus river
Akkad
an area in northern Mesopotamia
Ishtar
the second of the 2 gods that the chaldeans worshipped
social justice
the right to be treated fairly
defensive league
a protective group
democracy
favoring the equality of people
Archimedes
contributor of mathematics
Persia
east of the assyrian empire
prophecy
a statement of what might happen in the future
Demeter
goddess of crops
prehistoric
period of time before writing
surplus
extra products for money or for goods
Hammurabi
conquerer of Mesopotamia followed by Sargon 1
Aeschylus
a greek poet; thought of the idea of acting out plays
The Royal Road
a road that extended to 1600 miles long
Mother Earth
the minoans' main god
Nebuchadnezzar
King of the Chaldean empire
Dorians
conquerers of the Mycenaeans
immortals
the best soldiers
Hyksos
people of western Asia who invaded Egypt
papyrus
paper made from a reed
Indus
a river that flows through Pakistan and India
The Council of Five Hundred
teh council that all citizens had to attend
synagogue
a sacred temple
Murex
a purple shellfish
culture
way of life
Thermopylae
third of the Persian wars
Marathon
First of the Persian wars
Ahura Mazda`
the good god of the Persians
Dionysus
god of fertility
Nile
the longest river that flows 4154 miles
Lower Egypt
the northern part of the Nile
Hatshepsut
a women pharaoh disinterested in war
nobles
people of high rank in a kingdom
Ares
god of war
seals
important findings made of soapstone
magistrate
judges
Shang
people who built the first chinses cities
King Cyrus
improved Persian army
oracles
people who, it was believed, could speak with the gods
soliloquy
a talk in which personal thoughts and feelings were expressed to the audience
artisans
skilled workers
megaron
a square room with a fire place in the center
The Great Bath
a bath held together by cement, tar, and layers of brick
hieroglyphics
a kind of writing where picture stand for words and sounds
Huang Ho
a valley in northern china
dynasty
series of rulers from the same family
political science
the study of government
exodus
the Hebrews' escpae to Sinai
Ninevah
a part of the Chaldean Empire
Zeus
ruler of Mt. Olympus; king of the gods; god of the sky
Zoroaster
taught Persians about 2 gods and made them choose between them
Socrates
invented the Socratic method
treaties
agreements between states or countries
Persian wars
included the battle of marathon, thermopylae, xerxes, and salamis
civilization
a time where people progressed culturally and began to live in cities
Zhou
invaded shang
Middle Kingdom
the second part of the 3 kingdoms
"Eyes and Ears of the king"
people who made sure that other people were doing their job
Ahmose
an egyptian prince
Delos
headquarters of the Delian League
Ashur
main god of the Assyrians
Hermes
god of orators; the messenger god
Amenhotep
a pharaoh who changed a lot
Urns
ornamental vases
Darius
king of Athens
ampitheatre
a theatre shaped into a semi circle
Chaldeans
warriors who conquered many different country
Babylon
a city on the Tigris and Euphrates river
Theseus
a greek prince in the Minoans and Mycenaens chapter
intellect
the ability to learn and reason
pancratium
a combination of boxing and wrestling in which no holds were barred between 2 fighters. The only thing that fighters weren't aloud was to gouge the opponents eyes or bite
Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
twin rivers that flow over 1000 miles
Salamis
last of the persian wars
"Cradle of Civilization
Mesopotamia's name for having contributed so many ideas
tradgedies
stories about suffering
legacy
a gift from the past
Crete
the island that minoans lived on
Parthenon
old greek temple
aristocracy
a form of government with aristocrat rule
Amon-Re
a combination of Amon and Re believed to be the most powerful god
Homer
the writer of the Iliad and the Odyssey
law code
laws for each sumerain city state
ebony
a black wood
sabbath
a day of rest
pentathlon
olympic game made up of 5 events
frescoes
water color painting made on damp plaster
Ionia
country who helped the greeks rebel against the Persians
Dark Age
a time of war and killing
oracle bones
the meaning of the ancestors repies
labyrinth
a maze
Plato
wrotew down the teachings of Socrates; Invented the first university; wrote the first book on political science called The Dialogues and The Republic
granary
buildings used for storing grain
Marduk
the first of the 2 gods that the Chaldeans worshipped
pyramid
great tombs
Poseidon
god of the sea
Re
the sun god
Hippocrates
contributor of medicine
Sargon 1
conquered all of Mesopotamia
Heredotus
"father of history
philosophy
studying the laws of nature and loving wisdom
pharaoh
egyptian rulers
bands
groups
perioeci
merchants and artisans
Upper Egypt
the southern part of the Nile
Aristotle
set up the school Lyceum, wrote 200 books; invented classification of plants and animals; completed the scientific method; invented syllogism
Sumer
an are of Mesopotamia
mercenaries
hired soldiers
comedies
a story with a happy ending; usually humorous
Xerxes
second of the Persian wars
Euripides
a great writer of comedies
New Kingdom
the last part of the 3 kingdoms
oligarchy
a form of govenrment in which few people have ruling power
colonies
permanent settlements
Persepolis
capital city of Persia
Troy
a major trading city in the Asia Minor
Iliad and the Oddysey
both were poems written by Homer
2nd Babylonian Empire
the chaldean culture
Ahriman
evil god of the Persians
Mycenaeans
a civilization on the Grasslands of southern Russia
Isis
god of the dead
cro-magnon
the second kind of homeosapiens
cataracts
waterfalls
judges
a temporary leader
Hera
goddess of marriage and child birth; married to Zeus
planned communities
cities built to a definate plan
constitution
a set of rules and principles for governing
Harappa
people of the Indus River Valley
minoans
a civilization located on Crete
Hephaestus
god of fire and artisans; married to Aphrodite
Euclid
contributor of geometry
decendants
offspring such ans children, grandchildren, and great grandchildren
Aramaic
language used by merchants
Pericles
the "first citizen" of Athens
domesticate
tamed
delta
a fan shaped area of fertile land
Yu the Great
drove out serpants and dragons in Huang Ho
spirits
supernatural beings
citadel
a fortress
Psalms
sacred songs
holy of holies
the most sarcred chamber
Athene
goddess of wisdom
Thales of miletus
first known greek scientist
grid
a uniform network
Mesopotamia
present day Iraq
Giglamesh
a famous Mesopotamian king, more like a god
Xia
united most of northern china
Golden Age of Greece
the time in which many Greek contributions were made
geometry
a type of mathematics
Cleisthenes
a noble of Athens who soon ruled
Knossos
the largest of Crete
bronzes
a metal
polis
a city-state
surveying
looking over land
neandrethals
the first kind of homeosapiens

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