History Exam
Terms
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- neolithic age
- the new stone age
- priest-king
- sumerian priests who were also kings
- hereditary
- passed down from parent to child
- Aphrodite
- goddess of love and beauty
- Medes
- neighboring people of Persia who soon conquered Persia
- embalming
- to prserve the bodies of dead
- kilns
- ovens
- agora
- a marketplace
- Council of elders
- retired soldiers who gave suggestions toward governmental decisions
- bull leaping
- a form of bullfighting
- helots
- enslaved people owned by city-states
- shadoof
- a machine used to lift water out of the Nile into basins
- mummy
- a wrapped body
- cueniform
- a kind of Sumerian writing
- ziggurat
- a sumerian temple
- Sophocles
- one great writer of tragedies
- Minotaur
- a huge greek monster in the Minoans and Mycenaens chapter
- Sparta
- located in the south-central region of Greece
- Book of the Dead
- a book studied by egyptians
- scribe
- a writer
- Apollo
- god of the sun; patron of truth, archery, music, medicine, and prophecy
- Athens
- Northeast of Sparta
- logic
- the study of reasoning
- ephors
- five managers
- "Hanging Gardens"
- layered beds of earth planted with trees, vines, and shrubs
- city-state
- a civilization with government, religion, economy, society, etc.
- Thebes
- an egyptian city
- levees
- raised areas of soil
- Old Kingdom
- the first part of the 3 kingdoms
- Mohenjo Daro
- a settlement at the bottom of the Indus River Valley
- Osiris
- the god of harvest and eternal life
- ancestors
- those whom one is decended
- Thutmose
- a warrior pharaoh of the new kingdom
- Lydia
- a tiny kingdom in Asia Minor bordering the Agean Sea/ invented coins
- fired
- baked in the sun
- Peloponnesian war
- a 30 year war between Athens and Sparta
- Artemis
- goddess of the moon; mighty hunters; and the rainer of arrows; guardian of cities, young animals, and women; twin sister of Apollo
- Narmer
- king of upper Egypt
- acropolis
- a fortified hill
- home territory
- area where food was searched for by bands
- nomad
- a wandering herder
- civil war
- wars between opposing groups of citizens
- paleolithic age
- the old stone age
- covenant
- an agreement
- Aryans
- a group of people who take over the Indus river
- Akkad
- an area in northern Mesopotamia
- Ishtar
- the second of the 2 gods that the chaldeans worshipped
- social justice
- the right to be treated fairly
- defensive league
- a protective group
- democracy
- favoring the equality of people
- Archimedes
- contributor of mathematics
- Persia
- east of the assyrian empire
- prophecy
- a statement of what might happen in the future
- Demeter
- goddess of crops
- prehistoric
- period of time before writing
- surplus
- extra products for money or for goods
- Hammurabi
- conquerer of Mesopotamia followed by Sargon 1
- Aeschylus
- a greek poet; thought of the idea of acting out plays
- The Royal Road
- a road that extended to 1600 miles long
- Mother Earth
- the minoans' main god
- Nebuchadnezzar
- King of the Chaldean empire
- Dorians
- conquerers of the Mycenaeans
- immortals
- the best soldiers
- Hyksos
- people of western Asia who invaded Egypt
- papyrus
- paper made from a reed
- Indus
- a river that flows through Pakistan and India
- The Council of Five Hundred
- teh council that all citizens had to attend
- synagogue
- a sacred temple
- Murex
- a purple shellfish
- culture
- way of life
- Thermopylae
- third of the Persian wars
- Marathon
- First of the Persian wars
- Ahura Mazda`
- the good god of the Persians
- Dionysus
- god of fertility
- Nile
- the longest river that flows 4154 miles
- Lower Egypt
- the northern part of the Nile
- Hatshepsut
- a women pharaoh disinterested in war
- nobles
- people of high rank in a kingdom
- Ares
- god of war
- seals
- important findings made of soapstone
- magistrate
- judges
- Shang
- people who built the first chinses cities
- King Cyrus
- improved Persian army
- oracles
- people who, it was believed, could speak with the gods
- soliloquy
- a talk in which personal thoughts and feelings were expressed to the audience
- artisans
- skilled workers
- megaron
- a square room with a fire place in the center
- The Great Bath
- a bath held together by cement, tar, and layers of brick
- hieroglyphics
- a kind of writing where picture stand for words and sounds
- Huang Ho
- a valley in northern china
- dynasty
- series of rulers from the same family
- political science
- the study of government
- exodus
- the Hebrews' escpae to Sinai
- Ninevah
- a part of the Chaldean Empire
- Zeus
- ruler of Mt. Olympus; king of the gods; god of the sky
- Zoroaster
- taught Persians about 2 gods and made them choose between them
- Socrates
- invented the Socratic method
- treaties
- agreements between states or countries
- Persian wars
- included the battle of marathon, thermopylae, xerxes, and salamis
- civilization
- a time where people progressed culturally and began to live in cities
- Zhou
- invaded shang
- Middle Kingdom
- the second part of the 3 kingdoms
- "Eyes and Ears of the king"
- people who made sure that other people were doing their job
- Ahmose
- an egyptian prince
- Delos
- headquarters of the Delian League
- Ashur
- main god of the Assyrians
- Hermes
- god of orators; the messenger god
- Amenhotep
- a pharaoh who changed a lot
- Urns
- ornamental vases
- Darius
- king of Athens
- ampitheatre
- a theatre shaped into a semi circle
- Chaldeans
- warriors who conquered many different country
- Babylon
- a city on the Tigris and Euphrates river
- Theseus
- a greek prince in the Minoans and Mycenaens chapter
- intellect
- the ability to learn and reason
- pancratium
- a combination of boxing and wrestling in which no holds were barred between 2 fighters. The only thing that fighters weren't aloud was to gouge the opponents eyes or bite
- Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
- twin rivers that flow over 1000 miles
- Salamis
- last of the persian wars
- "Cradle of Civilization
- Mesopotamia's name for having contributed so many ideas
- tradgedies
- stories about suffering
- legacy
- a gift from the past
- Crete
- the island that minoans lived on
- Parthenon
- old greek temple
- aristocracy
- a form of government with aristocrat rule
- Amon-Re
- a combination of Amon and Re believed to be the most powerful god
- Homer
- the writer of the Iliad and the Odyssey
- law code
- laws for each sumerain city state
- ebony
- a black wood
- sabbath
- a day of rest
- pentathlon
- olympic game made up of 5 events
- frescoes
- water color painting made on damp plaster
- Ionia
- country who helped the greeks rebel against the Persians
- Dark Age
- a time of war and killing
- oracle bones
- the meaning of the ancestors repies
- labyrinth
- a maze
- Plato
- wrotew down the teachings of Socrates; Invented the first university; wrote the first book on political science called The Dialogues and The Republic
- granary
- buildings used for storing grain
- Marduk
- the first of the 2 gods that the Chaldeans worshipped
- pyramid
- great tombs
- Poseidon
- god of the sea
- Re
- the sun god
- Hippocrates
- contributor of medicine
- Sargon 1
- conquered all of Mesopotamia
- Heredotus
- "father of history
- philosophy
- studying the laws of nature and loving wisdom
- pharaoh
- egyptian rulers
- bands
- groups
- perioeci
- merchants and artisans
- Upper Egypt
- the southern part of the Nile
- Aristotle
- set up the school Lyceum, wrote 200 books; invented classification of plants and animals; completed the scientific method; invented syllogism
- Sumer
- an are of Mesopotamia
- mercenaries
- hired soldiers
- comedies
- a story with a happy ending; usually humorous
- Xerxes
- second of the Persian wars
- Euripides
- a great writer of comedies
- New Kingdom
- the last part of the 3 kingdoms
- oligarchy
- a form of govenrment in which few people have ruling power
- colonies
- permanent settlements
- Persepolis
- capital city of Persia
- Troy
- a major trading city in the Asia Minor
- Iliad and the Oddysey
- both were poems written by Homer
- 2nd Babylonian Empire
- the chaldean culture
- Ahriman
- evil god of the Persians
- Mycenaeans
- a civilization on the Grasslands of southern Russia
- Isis
- god of the dead
- cro-magnon
- the second kind of homeosapiens
- cataracts
- waterfalls
- judges
- a temporary leader
- Hera
- goddess of marriage and child birth; married to Zeus
- planned communities
- cities built to a definate plan
- constitution
- a set of rules and principles for governing
- Harappa
- people of the Indus River Valley
- minoans
- a civilization located on Crete
- Hephaestus
- god of fire and artisans; married to Aphrodite
- Euclid
- contributor of geometry
- decendants
- offspring such ans children, grandchildren, and great grandchildren
- Aramaic
- language used by merchants
- Pericles
- the "first citizen" of Athens
- domesticate
- tamed
- delta
- a fan shaped area of fertile land
- Yu the Great
- drove out serpants and dragons in Huang Ho
- spirits
- supernatural beings
- citadel
- a fortress
- Psalms
- sacred songs
- holy of holies
- the most sarcred chamber
- Athene
- goddess of wisdom
- Thales of miletus
- first known greek scientist
- grid
- a uniform network
- Mesopotamia
- present day Iraq
- Giglamesh
- a famous Mesopotamian king, more like a god
- Xia
- united most of northern china
- Golden Age of Greece
- the time in which many Greek contributions were made
- geometry
- a type of mathematics
- Cleisthenes
- a noble of Athens who soon ruled
- Knossos
- the largest of Crete
- bronzes
- a metal
- polis
- a city-state
- surveying
- looking over land
- neandrethals
- the first kind of homeosapiens