History, Ch. 34-36
Terms
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- First Hundred Days
- the initial forays into fixing the troubles with the Great Depression, when congress let down its political hair and both parties worked together for the greater good
- 3 R's
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1) Relief
2) Recovery
3) Reform - 1st thing FDR does when he comes into office
- issues a bank holiday, which basically shuts down banks; this stems the panicked flow of withdrawals and gets people time to clear thier heads again; congress will reopen a bank when it has been evaluated and deemed healthy enough to continue on in the current economic climate
- Prohibition
- FDR doesn't ditch it, but he makes 3.2 beer legal then taxes its production and selling so that the government can have money for his New Deal projects
- CCC
- Civilian Conservation Corps; young men are brought out to camps in the boonies to work on conservation projects, fighting forest fires etc., and required to send some of thier money home, as living expenses and such are taken care of by the government employers, so that the money trickles back into economic circulation
- AAA
- Agricultural Adjustment Act; created the Agricultural Adjustment Administration, which helped farmers meet obligations on thier mortgages by letting out VERY low interest loans; it set artificial prices on goods (this detriment to competition was overlooked in the face of economic crisis); started paying farmers subsidies to not farm some of thier land to decrease over-production
- TVA
- Tennessee Valley Authority; provides federal money to build dams and power plants, bringing electricity to ppl in the area and creating jobs, electrical pwr brings ppl into the 20th century
- HOLC
- Home Owners Loan Corporation; gave loans to ppl to help pay thier mortgages on the basis that nobody w/a family can focus on thier work if they've been evicted from thier homes
- NRA
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National Recovery Administration; reduces competition outside the farming industry, wrote up manuals of work hours etc. for big businesses, got economy moving thru lack of competition; blue eagles on windows
the Supreme Court shoots down the NRA b/c it begins to have an overly socialist feel to it - Glass-Steagall Act
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1) banks can no longer invest money in Wall Street--> regulates invesments of banks
2) Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation created, insures up to $5000 - Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
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oversaw WallStreet and prevented crooked dealing;
1) 33 Act--have to be transparent, as well as publish an annual report
2) 34 Act--must register with the government
SEC is essentially a watchdog organization - WPA
- Works Progress Administration; construction projects to give people jobs; artists and scholars are given jobs to document the times
- Frances Perkins
- 1st woman cabinet member; Secretary of Labor
- Father Charles Caughlin
- catholic preist with a radio show; at first he was for FDR, but then got pissy b/c he said FDR wasn't doing enough for the poor
- Huey P. "Kingfisher" Long
- Louisiana politician who hated FDR's guts and could out-promise him, so he scared him; had the "Share Our Wealth" program; conveiniently assassinated
- Election of 1936
- beats Alf Landon
- Supreme Court disaster
- wants to get more liberals into the SC b/c it keeps shooting down his New Deal programs; wants a new judge added for every justice ovr 70
- Roosevelt Recession
- Government stops putting money into economy and it goes into a recession; late '30s
- What was going on in the 1930s
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1) Japanese invade Manchuria
2) rise of Hitler and Moussolini (Nazis and Fascists)
3)The Spanish Civil War, rise of Franco -
Neutrality Acts:
CASH AND CARRY - buy your war supplies with cash and take it away with your own ships if you want us to supply you
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Sept. 1, 1939
German invasion of Poland - War officially begins in Europe
- Selective Service Act
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men 21-35 are drafted, then increased to 18-45;
800,000 drafted that year - the Destroyer Deal
- FDR trades 50 destroyers, which would serve as escourts for commercial ships, from WWII for the lease of 8 British naval bases for 99 years
- election of 1940
- beats Wilkie
- Lend-Lease
- lend weapons until end of war, when they'll be given back; like lending a neighbor your garden hose to put out a fire
- Atlantic Charter
- Churchill and FDR meet in secret on "The Prince of Whales" and agree to the A.C., which states that they're not in this war for territorial gain
- b/c the Japanese are continuing to expand thier empire....
- ....FDR has congress freeze thier assests in the US so they can't get oil and have to go a-pilaging; oil embargo (we sanctioned them)
- Bataan Death March
- On this death march, you weren’t allowed to eat or drink water, if you were weaker you might collapse, and depending on where you were you could be shot and killed on the spotïƒ it all depended on what soldier was next to you, one might give you a little water and help you up, another will shoot you on the spot
- Corregidor
- (marines) who are still in the Philippines retreat, hoping that someone would come to rescue them—but it’s not going to come, so leader, seeing that they were out of food and stuck, and not wanting a bloodbath, surrenders; they are transferred to the mainland of the Philippines and forced to march to a prison camp on the Bataan Death March
- Gen. Douglass McArthur
- controlled the war in the Pacific
- Battle of Midway
- turning point, when US destroyed 4 integral air-craft carriers, we destroyed the Japanese offensive and stuck them back on the defensive because they don’t have enough carriers to go out on the offensive; this was the turning point in the war in the pacific
- Operation Torch
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Gen. Omar Bradley and Gen. George S. Patton were big deals in N. Africa
After they took care of Africa, they could cross the Mediterranean and hit Italy; it did give them fighting experience too, which was cool
Gen. Rommel was in charge of N. Africa - Vichy France
- puppet government of the Nazis in France
- island-hopping
- would skip over certain islands that they didn’t need to waste the blood on one or another, gain the airstrips on the islands so they can take off bombers to fly to Japan to bomb Tokyo
- Guadacanal
- Solomon Islands—HORRIBLE fighting and horrible conditions because it was during the rainy season
- Gen. George C. Marshall
- FDR's hand man, and he knows that whatever General gets this command will be a hero throughout history, and he wants to reward Marshall, but he has a dilemma: if he gives Marshall the command, he’ll be stuck over in England and FDR won’t have him in D.C. to help himïƒ out of loyalty Marshall decides to stay with FDR; FDR asks who Marshall would suggest to give the command to: suggests Eisenhower
- D-Day
- June, 1944; Operation Overlord goes into effect, see cross-channel invasion
- fighting amidst the hedgerows
- ten foot tall hedges which bordered along fields through which they could be shot, but when they broke through beyond it, there were fields that were also bound by hedges so they could just shoot you right through the hedgeshorror of the random chance of the shooting and the fighting
- Battle of the Bulge
- swansong of the Axis—the American line was in Belgium, the germans massed most of their troops at a central point, knew it was the last attempt, want to drive through the lines and attack from behind (see paint); in actuality, the lines only bulged (see paint)
- April, 12, 1945
- FDR dies
- The Atomic Bomb
- Manhatten Project—code name for bomb which they hoped would end the war; big contributors: Einstien, Ferme and Oppenheimer
- soooooooooo...the fighting in Japan sux as, b/c everybody is dieing, and it sux, so....
- Truman bombs Hiroshima and Nagasaki
- Enola Gay
- Bomber that dropped both bombs...i can't believe i hav to know something like this; piloted by Tibbet
- MacArthur stays in Japan to...
- help set up constitution and stuff
- YAY WE'RE DONE
- NO WE'RE NOT
- Japanese internment camps
- all japanese and those of japanese ancestry living in the boonies w/o movie theaters or american idol stuck in the midwest b/c their yellow (this approved by Kayoko Hirata)
- now are we done?
- no...V-J Day
- V-E Day
- Victory in Europe Day, May 8
- V-J Day
- Victory and Japan Day, August
- official Japanese surrender
- Sept. 3, surrender on the USS Battleship Missouri