US CIVIL WAR jan 7
Terms
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- Greenback
- paper $ issued by govt for taxes NOT gold
- habeas corpus
- Rule that told people why they were on trial. Licoln eliminated it b/c too hassle
- martial law
- temporary rule by military authorities
- conscription (act)
- draft to bring people to fight
- Ft Sumter
- Fort to protect the Charleston Harbor where Licoln made supplies run out therefore Confederates had first shot of war
- Trent Affair
- US captured the "Trent" in International waters with Confederate sailors but Licoln released them after British threats
- Emancipation Proclamation
- Bill to free slaves and motive for Union fighters
- Homestead Act 1862
- Free land if you farm it for 5 years
- Morrill Land Grant Act 1862
- law passed for land grant for state establishments
- Pacific Railway Act 1862
- land grants for railroads (TRANSCONTINENTAL ROADS)
- National Banking Act 1863
- Took away states rights to print $=therefore uniform currency
- Sherman's March to the sea
- Atlanta to Georgia where they schorched everything behind them.
- ex parte Merryman/Milligan
- limit military rule and way of keeping military from going into justice
- FL & AL ships
- Confederate ships built by British
- Monitor and Merrimack Ships
- 1st iron clad ships which changed ships forever
- Radical Republicans
- north group wanting slaves free
- Jefferson Davis
- first and only pres of confederate (MISS senator)
- Licoln
- Pres in North
- Stonewall Jackson
- Confed. general killed at Chancellorsville accidental shot by own solider, (Lee's R hand man)
- Thaddeus Stevens/ Ben Wade
- Penn. congressman, leader of Rad Repubs/ RR
- Copperhead
- "peace" democrat
- Bull Run
-
July 1861,
1st battle-Mcdowell vs. Beauregard both retreated to reprepare
2nd battle- 1862 Confed "stonewall" defeated Union & John Pope - Peninsula Campaign
- 1862 Union-mcClellan civil war campaigned with Richmond as objetive = failed
- Fredricksburg
- 1962 battle where Union- Burnside failed and lost
- Chancellorsville
- 1862 Confederate victory where Jackson was injured
- Appomattox
- april 9 1865 confed Robert Lee surrended to Grant in this VA town
- Fort Donelson
- one of two strategic forts on Tenn and Cumerland River for Union
- Shiloh
- Union victory along Tenn River and enabled forces to capture rail junction
- Western War
- Grant to get off Mississippi
- joint stock company
- English merchants invest in companies where investors pool capital for colony planting (VA, plymouth and MA bay Co.)
- Squanto
- English speaking Indian who helped Pilgrims at Plymouth Plantation cook fish
- London Company
- joint stock co by English settlers in Jamestown, VI in 1607
- Mayflower Compact
- agreement among pilgrims to establish a govt before ship reached to land
- Humphrey Gilbert
- English courtier who founded English colony in Newfoundland in 1580's
- Walter Raleigh
- English courtier who attempted an English settlement on Roanoke Island in 1587 (failed for no supplies)
- Compromise of 1877
- to settle disputed pres election in 1876 -Rutherford Hayes won and Repubs withdrew fed troops from south and end reconstruction
- Civil Rights Act
-
declared Blacks as citizens of US and denied states power to restrict Black civil rights.
Congress overrode Pres. Johnson's veto - carpetbaggers
- northerners who went to S after civil war-Rebpublicans politics
- Force Acts
- attack on KKK by congress. To protect black voters in S by placing state elections under fed jurisdiction and imposed fines and imprisonment on KKK
- Freedmen's Bureau
-
Aid formers slaves with education, food, work...
Congress overrode Johnson' veto - Freeport Doctrine
- lincoln-douglass debates -people in terr. could exclude slavery simplay by not passing the local laws that held blacks in bondage. (helped Douglass win re-election into senate but hurt for pres.)
- French and Indian War
- England V. France (N.A. aganist French and Naive Americans allies) -seven years war
- Wade-Davis bill
- 1864 substite for lincoln's 10% plan. Majority of voters to take loyal oath for reconstruction to begin for black equality, and repudiation of confederate debt (pocket veto-never became law)
- War Hawks
- congressional leader who wanted war aganist GB to defend Americans rights away from BRITSH
- War of 1812
- US v. GB over Britsh restrictions on American shipping
- Webster-Ashburton Treaty
- settled the controversy over the Maine-Canada boundary and allowed Canada to build military road
- Webster-Hayne debate
- Hayne tried to forge alliance of S and W on a cheap land policy and low tariffs. Webster accused Haynes of unconstiutional
- Whig party
- political party formed in opposition to Jacksonian Democrats that favored a strong role for the national government in promoting economic growth.
- Whiskey Rebellion
- W PA farmers didnt want to pay whiskey tax by Hamilton's financial program so threated to destroy Pittsburg but Washington and Hamiliton took army to supress rebellion
- Wilmot Proviso
-
bill that provided for banning slavery from any territory the United States might acquire from Mexico as a result of war
NEVER PASSED - David Wilmot
- DEMO CONGRESSMAN from PA who wanted Wilmot Provosivo
- Worcester v. Georgia
- ruled that a state government could not govern the Indians and GA force Cherokees to leave state
-
1 writ of habeas corpus
2 writ of mandamus
3 writs of assistance -
1 must be told why on trial
2 requiring public officals to do something cause of (marbury v. madison)
3 search warrants that allowed British to look for stolen goods in houses - John Adams
- was Washingtons Vp and defeated Jefferson for pres in 1796. (went aganist parties demand for war with France during term)
- John Quincy Adams
- Monroe's secretary of State and unsucessful pres in 1824
- Alien and Sedition Acts
- attack on Repub party & aganist Fed policies. (no freedom of speech & liberty)
- amnesty
- former confederates to take loyalty to US
- Antifederalists
- opposed ratification of constitution, and wanted more of bill of rights
- Articles of Confederation
- 1st constitution that limited authority by denying national govt and any coercive power including the power to tax and regulate trade
- Stephen Austin
- contracted with Mexican govt to settle American families in TX in 1820's
- Bacon's Rebellion
- army rebellion aganist indians then led up to agaisnt gov of VA (Sir Berkeley) = Berkeleyls political favoritism...
- Bank War
- Jacksons veto over renewal of BUS charter.
- Battle of Antietam
- 1862 Lee invaded Maryland. McClellan delayed couterattacks because both sides lost and retreated
- Battle of Bull Run
-
1861 McDowell aganist Beauregard- both retreated for more preparation
1862 Stonewall Jackson against Pope - Battle of Bunker Hill
- 1st battle of rev war. British (lost of deaths) and ended hope of negotiation
- Battle of Lexington and Concord
- British suffered and Merican militia men killed them
- Battle of New Orleans
- Jackson's victory over the British in 1815 made him war hero- British had no hope of controlling Miss Riv
- Battle of Saratoga
- Burgoyne surrendered to General Horatio Gates in 1777- France ally up with Americans
- Battle of Tippecanoe
- Harrison led his forces against Chief Tecumseh's Indian confederacy at Tippecanoe in the Ohio country
- Battle of Trenton
- Washington captured thousands in Trenton NJ by recrossing the Delaware River to suprise them
- John Bell
- Tenn, nominee of constitutional party in 1860
- Black Codes
- S laws denied rights to free blacks (to control dree's geting out of hand) outraged N
- Black Hawk's War
- Federal troops and Illinois militia units defeated the Sauk and Fox Indians led by Black Hawk during this short war in 1832.
- Bleeding Kansas
- fight for pro or anti slavery for Kansas to be admitted
- border ruffians
- people who crossed into Missouri to vote pro slave and then left
- John Breckinridge
- Buchanan's VP was nominated for pres by S wing of Demo party. wanted slaveryt err but lost election to lincoln
- James Buchanan
- "doughface" by repubs won pres election in 1856. (ostend manifesto)
- Church of England
- England assumed leadership of Protestant world
- Clayton-Bulwer Treaty
- demilitarization and joint British American control of any canal across istmus of Panama
- Coercive Acts
- intended to punish Boston (quartering acts, intolerable and Quebec..)
- Compromise of 1850
-
-banned slave trade
-applied PopSov remain mexican in terr
-settle new-mexico boundary
-passed a more stringent Fug Slave Act - Copperheads
- northern Democrats who opposed all aganist confederacy
- Crittenden Compromise
- slavery allowed in all terr S of 36-30 line
- Declaratory Act
- after repealed stamp act-colonies were under parliment control (could tax anything) free to make up rule whenever they wanted