NY State 8th Grade Test
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- Who was the leader of the Green Mountain Boys?
- Ethan Allen
- Who wrote most of the Declaration of Independance?
- Thomas Jefferson
- Who were the colonists who stayed loyal to Britain?
- loyalists
- Who wrote "Common Sense", and what was its importance?
- Thomas Paine- inspired colonists to continue to fight by telling them what British thought of them
- What was special about the Battle of Saratoga?
- It was the turning point for the patriots in the Revolutionary War
- What is a surprise attack?
- an ambush
- What were three weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?
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1)Failed to collect or levy taxes
2)Failed to make one central government- Each state had its own individial government.
3)Lacked a leader to enforce laws
*there are more answers, but these are the best ones - Amendments1-10- Name and function
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*Bill of Rights
1)individual freedoms-speech, religion, press, peaceful assemble
2)right to bear arms
3)prohibits quartering of soldiers
4)freedom from unreasonable searches
5)self incrimination, double jeopardy
6)right to a speedy trial
7)trial by jury
8)right from cruel and unusual punishment
9)you have rights that are not listed in the constitution
10)states have reserved powers - Which amendment gave women the right to vote?
- 19th amendment
- What was the Virginia plan?
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-bi-cameral legislatures
-more representatives with bigger population
-executive and judicial branch
-power to impose and collect taxes - What is the New Jersey Plan?
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-uni-cameral legislature
-equal representation for all states
-executive and judicial branch
-power to impose and levy taxes - What was the Great Compromise?
- a combination of the New Jersey plan and the Virginia plan to create the gov't order we have today
- Who wrote much of the Constitution?
- James Madison
- What did the Alien Act do?
- gave the president the power to deport aliens that were considered dangerous
- What was the Louisiana Purchase?
- A large piece of land (the Louisiana Territory) purchased by Thomas Jefferson from France for $15 million
- What were Lewis and Clark sent to do?
- Explore and map parts of the Louisiana Territory
- What were two important things designed by Eli Whitney?
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-cotton gin
-interchangable parts - What is sectionalism?
- loyalty to a region
- What was the Monroe Doctrine?
- a proclomation stating that any new European colonies formed in the US would be opposed
- What was the concept of Manifest Destiny?
- the idea that the country must extend its boundaries to the Pacific coast
- Who was Harriet Beecher Stowe?
- an author who wrote of the horrors of slavery in the book "Uncle Tom's Cabin"
- Who was a major leader in the Underground Railroad?
- Harriet Tubman
- What was the Dredd Scott case?
- Dredd Scott, a slave who had lived on free soil, sued to be free. The judge ruled against him, and said prohibiting slavery was unconstitutional.
- What were some advantages for the North in the Civil War?
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-better banking for war funds
-larger population
-more support
-more ships
-more efficient railroads - What were some advantages for the South in the Civil War?
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-strong support in white population
-better military leaders - What did the 54th Massachusetts do?
- an African American troop who charged on the Confederates, and received a lot of respect for bravery.
- What was the party which, around the Civil War era, was given the nickname the "know-nothings"?
- The American Party
- Where was the final battle of the Civil War?
- Richmond
- Where did the British surrender?
- the Appotomax courthouse
- What was Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan called?
- the ten percent plan
- When was Lincoln assasinated, and who assasinated him?
- April 14, 1865- John Wilkes Booth
- Who took over for Lincol after he was killed?
- Andrew Johnson
- Johnson became the first president in history to become ___________.
- impeached
- Althought African Americans had gained voting rights after the Civil War, they were, at many times, prevented from voting. Why is this?
- white men threatened them (particularly southerners, the KKK)
- What were the Jim Crow laws?
- required segregation in almost every public place
- What mountain did the mining boom begin on?
- Pike's Peak
- What were the two mining companies that worked on the transcontinental railroad?
- Union Pacific and Central Pacific
- What was another name for the cattle boom?
- the cattle kingdom
- What were a couple of long drives?
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-the Chisolm Trail
-the Goodnight-Loving Trail - What is the method of dry farming?
- planting seeds deep in the ground where there is some moisture
- What did the National Grange do?
- offered farmers education, fellowsip and support- encouraged buying products from each other
- What were the beliefs of the Populist party?
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-supported the "common man"
-wanted the gov't to own railroads
-free silver -unlimited prooduction of silver coins - What important invention by Henry Ford led to mass production?
- the assembly line
- Who was Andrew Carnegie?
- a big steel baron- began the Carnegie Steel Company
- What is a philanthropist?
- a person who uses money to benefit the community
- What part of Europe were the "new" immigrants from?
- eastern and southern Europe
- What was the purpose of the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848?
- equal rights for women, especially suffrage
- What secret organization was involved in lynchings, and terrorized African Americans all through the 1800's and 1900's?
- The Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
- What is the policy of isolationism?
- non-involvement in world affairs
- What were the four main causes of WW1?
- Militarism, alliances, isolationism, nationalism
- What was the first cause of the war in EUROPE?
- the assasination of the Austro-Hungarian heir to the throne and his wife (Archduke Ferdinand)
- What is the difference between an alliance system and an entente?
- an alliance system is a defense agreement among nations, and an entente is an understanding between nations
- What was the final major battle of WW1?
- The Battle of the Argonne Forest
- What happened witth the Sacco and Vanzetti trial?
- two men were accused with robbing a store and killing two people without any real proof- they were accused only because they were foreign Italian immigrants
- What nickname was given to the 1920's due to the outrageous fads?
- the Roaring 20's
- What did the 19th Amendment do?
- gave women suffrage
- What was the period of flowering African American culture in the 1920's?
- the Harlem Renaissance
- What was the central idea in the Scopes trial?
- should the concept of evolution be taught in school- John Scopes taught evolution against the Butler Law, and was being convicted
- What were a couple of causes of the Great Depression?
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-installment buying (on-margin buying)
-the stock market boom
-millions of stocks being sold per day
-the stock market crash - What were a couple of effects of the Great Depression?
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-FDR's New Deal
-The Bonus Army's march on the whitehouse