History Exam - Events, Etc.
These are all the events listed on the history exams, and all the other things not including people.
-Andrea
-Andrea
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Mayflower
- ship that the Pilgrims came over in
- Judicial
- Supreme Court and all other courts; interprets the laws
- Hessians
- Germans who were paid by George III to fight for the English during the Revolution
- Guerilla Warfare
- where a force attacks quickly and then retreats
- Southern Colonies Religion
- Episcopalian
- New England Colonies Major Cities
- Boston, Massachusetts
- What was New York originally called?
- New Netherland; New York City originally called New Amsterdam
- Treaty of Paris 1763
- ended the French and Indian War; England got lands east the Mississippi River and Canada; Spain got New Orleans and Louisiana Territory; British got Florida and Spain
- Writs of Assistance
- gave England the authority to search colonists' homes at anytime for smuggled goods
- Southern Colonies Gov't
- controlled by the wealthy landowners; oligarchy (rich rule)
- The XYZ Affair
- the U.S. sent a delegation to France to negotiate a treaty
- Sweden
- brought ice skating to the New World
- Stamp Act
- law in which the colonists had to pay for stamps to put on all paper documents; these documents included wills, playing cards, newspapers, etc
- Electoral College
- group that elects the President and Vice President of the U.S.; candidate has to get 270 votes to win; number of representatives + number of Senators = number of electoral votes
- Puritans
- religious group; wanted to purify the Church of England; came to America for religious freedom; settled the Massachusetts Bay
- Articles of Confederation
- first Constitution of the U.S.; could only be changed by a unanimous vote; no president
- Middle Colonies Major Cities
- New York, New York; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Mayflower Compact
- document that was the basis for government in Plymouth; written on the ship while coming over to the New World; step towards democracy in America
- Forth Necessity
- Fort that George Washington built in the Ohio Valley to protect the English from the French
- House of Representatives
- must be at least 25 years old; citizen of the United States for 7 years; resident of the state in which he/she represents; term is 2 years; based on population; 435 members
- Middle Colonies Education
- parochial school; public education was not widespread
- What were the two major powers in 1700?
- France and England
- Checks and Balances
- 3 branches "check" on each other so no one branch has more power
- Quakers
- religious group that settled Pennsylvania; believed in no war and equality for all
- Philadelphia
- "City of Brotherly Love"; settled by the Quakers
- Spanish Armada and Results
- a group of Spanish warships who were defeated by the English in 1588; began the decline of Spain as a world power; rise of England as the most powerful country in the world
- Proclamation of 1763
- act in which colonists were not allowed to settled west of the Appalachian Mountains
- Great Awakening
- a powerful religious revival that swept over the colonies beginning in the 1720s; Jonathan Edwards was the most famous preacher of the time
- Declaratory Act
- after the British repealed the Stamp Act, Great Britain said that it could still do anything to the colonies that it deemed necessary to keep them in line
- When was the French and Indian War?
- 1754 to 1763
- Battle of Trenton
- George Washington crossed the Delaware River to surprise the Hessians on Christmas Day
- Pilgrims
- also called Separatists; made their own religion; came over the Mayflower in 1620; settled the colony of Plymouth
- President
- must be at least 35 years old; must be a natural born citizen; must have lived in the U.S.A for 14 years; four year term; carries out laws
- Coercive Acts
- response of the British to the Boston Tea Party; closed the Boston Harbor to shipping; British officials went back to England to be tried; put a royal governor back in power and suspended the representative assembly; colonists called these acts the Intolerable Acts
- New England Colonies Colonies
- New Hampshire, Massachusetts (including Maine), Connecticut, Rhode Island
- Who founded New York?
- Dutch
- Southern Colonies Education
- private tutors for wealthy; only college was william and Mary
- Countries that helped the colonists during the Revolution
- Spain and France
- Indentured Servant
- someone who worked for 2 to 7 years for free passage to the New World
- New Netherland
- colony founded by the Dutch in the New World; became New York
- Original Jurisdiction
- may hear court cases for the first time; very rare
- Alien and Sedition Acts
- President John Adams said that you could not speak or write anything against him or the government; increased time to become a citizen; laws kept people from joining the Dem-Reps
- Fort Christina
- main Swedish settlement in the New World
- Judicial Review
- Supreme Court can declare a law made by Congress unconstitutional
- Minutemen
- Patriots who were ready to fight the British in a moment's notice
- Townshed Acts
- tax on paint, paper, lead, tea, and glass; put on Colonists
- Toleration Act
- a law which protected religious freedom for Christians in Maryland
- Constantinople
- crossroads city between Europe and Asia; when Turks took this city over trade routes were disrupted, and countries began looking for new trade routes which led to exploration; 1453
- Battle of Saratoga
- turning point of the Revolution; after colonists won the battle France decided to support us with money, troops, ships, etc.
- Proprietary Colony
- a colony that the land was given by the King to a small group of people
- Jamestown
- a colony settled in Virginia to make money; first permanent English settlement; 1607
- New England Colonies Religion
- Congregational
- Dates of the Revolution
- 1775 to 1781 (the Peace Treaty was signed in 1783)
- Quebec
- the capital of the French Empire in America
- How many electoral votes does Tennessee have? Why?
- 11 electoral votes; 9 representatives + 2 senators
- Supreme Court Justice Term
- life
- Three-Fifths Compromise
- for purposes of population in the House of Representatives, slaves were counted as three-fifths of a person
- Jay Treaty
- with England; "bad treaty"; didn't help the U.S. at all
- Anti-Federalists
- opposed the Constitution
- Patriots
- persons who were for the independence from England
- Joint Stock Companies
- companies that financed the settlement of America
- Sea Dogs
- English Pirates
- Legislature
- congress (House of Representatives, Senate); makes the laws
- Maryland
- colony founded as haven for Roman Catholics who had been persecuted in England
- Middle Colonies Gov't
- colonial assembly-elected legislature
- House of Burgesses
- first representative assembly in the New World which was in Jamestown
- Southern Colonies Economy
- plantations-produced rice, indigo, cotton; wealth was in land and slaves
- The Federalist Papers
- series of essays supporting the Constitution; written by John Jay, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton
- Separatists
- another name for Pilgrims
- Amendment
- an addition to the Constitution; amendments change it
- How many government branches?
- 3
- Southern Colonies Major Cities
- Charleston, South Carolina; Savannah, Georgia
- 1215
- year the Magna Carta was signed;
- Delaware
- first state to ratify the Constitution
- Middle Colonies Religion
- many different religions (due to many ethnic backgrounds)
- Georgia
- last colony settled; in 1732; had strong ties with England
- Theocracy
- the church and the government are the same
- Crusades
- religious wars between the Christians and the Muslims to capture the Holy Land
- Southern Colonies Colonies
- Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia
- Reasons for Spanish exploration
- to get gold and silver, riches; to convert the Native Americans to Catholicism; to expand the empire with new land
- July 4, 1776
- the date that most of the delegates signed the Declaration of Independence; our Independence Day!!!
- 1620
- first African-Americans were brought by the Portuguese to be slaves
- Mercantilism
- an economic system in which colonies are used as a source of natural resources and trade ONLY with the mother country
- Line of Demarcation
- an imaginary line that the Pope drew through the New World; land east of the line belonged to Portugal; land west of the line belonged to Spain
- Elastic Clause
- Article 1, Section 8; stretched the power of the Constitution because it said anything could be done that is "necessary and good" for the U.S.
- Religious Tolerance
- religious freedom; one of the many reasons people settled the New World
- Senate
- must be at least 30 years old; citizen of the United States for 9 years; must be resident of the state in which he/she represents; term is 6 years; based on equality; each states has 2 representatives; 100 members
- Habeas Corpus
- allows a person to be seen and heard i a courtroom by a judge; government may not take away this right
- North Carolina
- most living there were frontier people who grew tobacco
- Magna Carta
- document signed by King John in Great Britain in 1215; gave people more power; contained a provision for a trial by jury
- Navigation Acts
- laws that England put on the colonies to ensure that America would only trade with England; England profited tremendously; the basis of these laws was mercantilism
- Who was the French and Indian War Between
- French, Huron Indians and Spanish VS. English and Iroquois
- Excise Tax
- tax on goods within the U.S.
- Whiskey Rebellion
- the government put an excise tax on whiskey; farmers in western Pennsylvania rebelled; Washington sent in 13,000 troops to stop it; significance - the U.S. government would and could enforce its lawas
- Boston Massacre
- British soldiers fired into a crowd of colonists who were teasing and taunting them; five colonists were killed; colonists blamed the British and the Sons of Liberty used this incident as an excuse to promote the Revolution
- Who could vote in the colonies?
- white; land-owning, males
- Roanoke
- established in 1587; called the Lost Colony; financed by Sir Walter Raleigh; its leader was John White; all the settlers disappeared; historians still don't know what became of them
- Lexington and Concord
- first battle of the Revolution in which British general Thomas Gage went after the stockpiled weapons of the colonists in the Concord, Massachusetts
- Constitutional Convention
- Philidelphia, Pennsylvania; summer of 1787
- South Carolina
- had large plantations; grew cotton, indigo, and rice; most wanted to keep strong ties with England and followed England's customs
- What is the House of Representatives based on?
- population
- Boston Tea Party
- In response to the Tea Act; the Sons of Liberty dressed up as Mowhawk Indians and threw 342 chests of thea into the Boston Harbor; worth thousands of dollars; British were furious
- Plymouth
- colony settled by the Pilgrims; eventually merged with Massachusetts Bay Colony
- Reformation
- movement to improve the Roman Catholic Church; began when Martin Luther nailed his 95 theses to the Wittenberg Church of Germany; began the Lutheran religion and other religions followed
- Appellate Jurisdiction
- may review cases already decided
- Middle Colonies Economy
- lumber; grain-the breadbasket of America
- Amendment I
- freedom of press, assembly, petition, speech, and religion
- Bill of Rights
- first 10 amendments
- Sons of Liberty
- group of men who were determined to get independence; founder was Sam Adams
- Inalienable Rights
- found in the Declaration of Independence; Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness
- Executive Branch
- President; Vice-President; Cabinet; Executive of the Laws
- Triangle Trade
- a trade route that exchanged goods between the West Indies, the American colonies, and West Africa
- New England Colonies Economy
- shipping, foreign trade, fishing, small farms
- Northwest Passage
- all-water route to Asia across North America; Europeans hoped to find
- Parliament
- governing body in England
- New England Colonies Gov't
- town meeting-all adult males could attend
- Fort Duquesne
- in Ohio Valley; controlled by the French; English wanted;became Ft. Pitt, then Pittsburg
- Charter Colony
- land was given to a large group of people to establish a colony
- How many members are in the House of Representatives from TEnnessee?
- 9
- Bi-Cameral Legislature
- a two house legislature
- Massachusetts Bay
- colony settled by the colony of Plymouth; very strict; eventually became the city of Boston
- Pinckey Treaty
- with Spain; good treaty because we were allowed to use the Mississippi River for shipping
- French Economy
- based on the fur trade
- Ex Post Facto Laws
- punishes people for a crime that was not a crime when it was committed; Congress cannot pass these laws
- New England Colonies Education
- tax-supported public schools; first colleges were Harvard (Massachusetts), Yale (Connecticut) to produce ministers
- Tariff
- tax on goods coming into the U.S.
- Restoration
- King Charles II was restored to the throne after his father, Charles I, had been beheaded by the Puritans; Oliver Cromwell came to power in England and ruled for 11 years as a Puritan; when Cromwell died, Charles II was restored to the throne and began colonization again by giving land in the New World to people who had been loyal to him
- Two causes for the French and Indian War
- the English and French both wanted the fur trade in the Ohio Valley; the French were giving Indians guns to fight the British
- Federalists
- wanted to ratify the Constitution
- Royal Colony
- a colony controlled by the King and his advisors
- Yorktown
- last major battle of the war; Charles Cornwallis surrendered to George Washington; French helped us; war was over; COLONISTS WON!!!
- Log Cabin
- came from the Swedish
- Tariff
- tax on goods coming into a country
- Conquistadors
- Spanish conquistadors in the New World
- Why was there a halt to French Exploration?
- French didn't find gold and silver; French were involved in wars and couldn't afford it
- Judiciary Act of 1789
- Congress established a court sytstem
- Nina, Pinta, and the Santa Maria
- ships used by Columbus and his crew to sail to the New World
- Tories or Loyalists
- persons who were against independence and wanted to remain loyal to England
- What is the Senate based on?
- equality
- Middle Colonies Colonies
- New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware
- Results of the French and Indian War?
- colonists learn to fight; Great Britain began taxing the colonists to pay for the French and Indian War; George Washington becomes a was hero