SOL Review
Terms
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- Dutch East India Company
- A company founded by the Dutch in the eraly 17th century
- Timur the Lame
- Named due to an injury by an arrow int he leg
- Concert of Europe
- A series of alliances among European nations in the 19 century
- Giuseppe Garibaldi
- Leader of the group known as Red Shirts
- Mausoleum
- A large tomb or building containing tombs
- Charles I
- Stuart King of England
- Vasco da Gama
- A Portugese explorer credited with giving Portugal a direct sea route to India
- leberal
- In the first half of the 19 century, a European-mainly middles-class business leaders and merchants-who wanted to give more political power to elected parliments, incorporating enlightenments ideas
- Roundheads
- Puritain supporters of Parliment
- Sans-Culottes
- Literally translated "without breeches", in the French Revolution
- Constitutional Monarchy
- A system of govening in which the ruler's power is limitedby law/constitution
- Elba Island
- Island off the coast of Italy where Napoleon was sent into exile
- "God, glory, gold"
- Primary motives for exploration
- Marie Antoinette
- French Queen and wife of Louis XVI
- Ottooman
- Follower or Osman
- Emigre
- A person who leaves his native country for political reasons
- Balance of Power
- A political situation in which no one nation is powerful enough to pose a threat to others
- Tokugawa Shogumate
- A dynasty of shoguns that ruled a unified Japan from1603 to 1867
- Waterloo
- French troops led by Napoleon were defeated by the armies of Persia
- Lycee
- A government-run public school in France
- Invasion of Russia
- Napoleon's most disastrous military campaign
- Taj Mahal
- Built by Shah Jahan in India
- Jizya
- A per capita tax inposed on non-Muslim adult males
- Holy Alliance
- A league of European formed by the leaders of Russia, Austria, and Prussiaafter the Cngress of Vienna
- Louis XVI
- Bourbon King during the French Revolution
- Glorious Revolution
- The bloodless overthrow of the English king James II and his replacement by William and Mary
- Prince Henry
- Called "the navigator" for his role in promoting explorations
- Old Regime
- The social and political system of France where the poeple were divided into three large social classes or estates
- Mehmed II
- Also called Mehmed the Conqueror
- Congress of Vienna
- A series of meeting in 1814-1815
- Plebiscite
- A direct vote in which a country's people have the opportunity to approve or reject a propsal
- Safavid
- A Shi'ite Mislim dynasty that ruled in Persia
- St. Helena Island
- A remote island in the South Atlantic where Napoleon was sent in his second exile
- Restoration
- When England restored the monarchy by bringing Charles II to the throne
- Janissary
- A member of an elite force of soldiers in the Ottoman Empire
- Daimyo
- A Japanese Feudal lord who commanded a private army of samurai
- Nationalism
- The belief that poeple should be loyal mainly to their nation
- Checks and Balances
- Measures designed to prevent any one branch of government from dominating the others
- Radical
- In the first half of the 19 century, a European who favored drastic change to extend democracy to all poelpe
- Junker
- Strongly conservative members of Prussia's wealthy landowning class
- Osman
- Known as the most successful warrior
- Treaty of Tordesillas
- A 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain
- Declaration of Independence
- Written by Thomas Jefferson
- Otto Von Bismarck
- Conservative Junker chosen by William I of Germany as Prime Minister in 1862
- The Banlkans
- The region of southeastern Europe now occupied by Greece
- Shah Juhan
- Son of Jahangir
- Ghazi
- A Warrior for Islam
- Reign of Terror
- The period, from mid-1793 to mid-1794, when Robespierre ruled France nearly as a dictator and thousands of political figures and ordinary citizens were executed
- Bartolomeu Dias
- An early Portuguese explorer known for his statement about his motives
- Millets
- Seperate legal courts pertaining to personal law under which minorities were allowed to rule themselves
- Jacobin
- Supporters of the sans-culottes and extreme radicals who formed the Mountain
- Zheng He
- A Chinese Muslim admiral
- Oliver Cromwell
- Puritain general in English Civil War became military dictator in 1653
- Astrolable
- A bass circle with carefully adjusted rings marked off in degrees
- Nation-State
- A political state whose people also the same language and culture
- Habeas Corpus
- A document requiringthat a prisoner to be brought before a court or judge so that it can be decided wheather his or her imprisonment is legal
- Continental System
- Napoleon's policy of preventing trade between Great Britain and continental Europe
- Ming Dynasty
- A Chinese dynasty that ruled from 1368 to 1644, the dominant power in Asia
- Hundred Days
- The breif period during 1815 when Napoleon made his last bid for power
- English Civil War
- A conflict, lasting from 1642 to 1649
- Coup d etat
- A sudden seizure of political power in a nation
- Russification
- The process of forcing Russian culture on all ethnic groups in the Russian Empire
- Mughal
- One of the nomads who invaded the Idian subcontinent in the 16th centuryand established a powerful empire there
- Maximilien Robespierre
- Jacobin leader
- Scorched-Earth Policy
- The practice of burning crops and killing livestock during wartime
- Great Fear
- A wave of senseless panic that spread through the Freanch countryside after the storming of the Bastille in 1789
- Suleyman the Lawgiver
- Also known as Suleyman the Magnificant
- Byzantine Empire
- Non-Muslim religious communities permitted to follow their own religious laws and practices
- Alexander II
- Son of Czar Nicholars
- William and Mary
- King and Queen of England after the Glorious Revolution
- Guerilla Warfare
- A member of a loosely organized fighting force that makes surprise attacks on enemy troops
- Federal System
- A system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and a number of individual states
- Realpolitik
- "The politica of reality"
- Isma'il
- In 1499, at the age of 12, siezed most of what is now Iran
- Sikh
- Member of a nonviolent religious group whose beliefs belnd elements of Buddhism, Hinduism, and Sufism, target of the Mughals hatred
- Blackade
- The use of troops or ships to prevent commercial traffic from entering or leaving a city or region
- Legitimacy
- The hereditary right of a monarch to rule
- Louis-Napoleon
- Nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte
- Caravel
- Sturdier than earlier ships
- Tennis Court Oath
- After establishingthe National Assembly, the Third Estate delagates, locked out of their meeting room, broke down a door to an indoor tennis court, plaedging to stay until they had drawn up a new constitution
- Devshrime
- In the Ottoman Enpire, the policy of taking boys from conquered Christian peoples to be trained as Muslim soldiers
- Klemens Von Metternich
- Austria's chief minister who presided over the congress of Vienna
- Esfahan
- Shah Abbas built this new capital for the Safavid culture
- Sultan
- "Overlord", or "one with power"
- Constantinople
- Conquered my Mehmed II
- Battle of Trafalgar
- An 1805 naval battle in which Napoleon forces were defeated by a British fleet under the command of Horatio Nelson
- Camillo Di Cavour
- Known for leading Itailian unification
- Conservative
- In the first half of the 19 century, A European-mainly wealthy landowners and nobles-who wanted to preserve the traditional monarchies of Europe
- Akbar
- Baburs grandson, "Greatest One"
- petition of Right
- Document signed by Charles I in 1628
- Shah
- Hereditary moonarch of Iran
- Cabinet
- a group of advisors or ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions
- Napoleon Bonaparte
- French general who overthrew the Directory
- Shah Abbas
- Also knwon as Abbaas the Great
- Infidel
- One who doesn't believe in a certain religion
- Compass
- An intrument for determining directions
- Manchus
- A people, native to Manchuria
- Estate
- Social class system in France consistingof thre large groups, the third estate was the largest and poorest group of them all
- Bill of Rights
- The first ten amendments of the U.S. Constitution
- Aurangzeb
- 3rd son of Shah Jahan of Mughal Empire in India
- Quing Dynasty
- Chinas last dynasty
- Napoleonic Code
- A comprehensive and uniform system of laws established for France by Napoleon
- Babur
- 11 year old boy who inherited a kindom that is now Uzbekistan and Tajikistan