Chapter Six
Terms
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- Prohibition
- the period from 1920 to 1933 when the sale of alcoholic beverages was prohibited in the United States by a constitutional amendment
- Lincoln Steffens
- (1866-1936) Muckracker and managing editor of McClure's magazine, he wrote about government corruption in his 1904 book, The Shame of the Cities.
- The Jungle
- a book by Upton Sinclair that exposed what really happened in meat factories.
- muckrakers
- journalists who investigated the lives of immigrants and other people and expoxed their lifestyle to the world. They exposed the filth of society.
- William Howard Taft
- president from 1909 to 1913, successor to Roosevelt, Successor of Roosevelt; Different views than Teddy; part of political corruption; Passed Sixteenth Amendment
- Robert M. La Follette
- progressive wisconsin govenor whose adgenda of reforms was known as the wisconsin idea
- Initiative
- allows voters to put a proposed law on the ballot for public aproval
- Jacob Riis
- A Danish immigrant, he became a reporter who pointed out the terrible conditions of the tenement houses of the big cities where immigrants lived during the late 1800s. He wrote How The Other Half Lives in 1890.
- Frances Willard
- president of Chicago WCTU ssumed leadership of Women of America in temperance crusade. became secretary of Illinois WCTU and president of National Union in 1879 and eventually led to her organizing World's WCTU
- Women's Christian Temperance Movement
- an organization led by Frances Willard, an organized against alcohol
- Wisconsin Idea
- reforms that the governor of Winsconsin named Rober M. La Follette pushed for
- New Freedom
- Woodrow Wilson's program in his campaign for the presidency in 1912, the New Freedom emphasized business competition and small government. It sought to reign in federal authority, release individual energy, and restore competition. It echoed many of the progressive social-justice objectives while pushing for a free economy rather than a planned one.
- Referendum
- allows citizens to place a recently passed law on the ballot, allowing voters to approve or reject the measure
- Upton Sinclair
- muckraker who shocked the nation when he published The Jungle, a novel that revealed gruesome details about the meat packing industry in Chicago. The book was fiction but based on the things Sinclair had seen.
- WEB Du Bois
- fought for African American rights. Helped to found Niagra Movement in 1905 to fight for and establish equal rights. This movement later led to the establishment of the NAACP
- Carry Nation
- United States prohibitionist who raided saloons and destroyed bottles of liquor with a hatchet (1846-1911), woman who had strong beliefs in prohibition; walk around holding a bible and a hatchet with hatchet she'd walk around bars and destroy them
- Clayton Antitrust Act
- sought to strengthen the Sherman anti-trust act of 1890, New antitrust legislation constructed to remedy deficiencies of the Sherman Antitrust Act, namely, it's effectiveness against labor unions
- Ida Tarbell
- muckraker who targeted the unfair practices of big business. Her articles about the standard oil company led to demands for tighter controls on trust.
- Federal Reserve Act
- This act created a central banking system, consisting of twelve regional banks governed by the Federal reserve Board. It was an attempt to provide the United States with a sound yet flexible currency. The Board it created still plays a vital role in the American economy today.
- How the other half lives
- a book by John Riis that told the public about the lives of the immigrants and those who live in the tenements
- Sherman Antitrust Act
- a law that made it illegal to create momopolies or trusts that restrained free trade
- Seventeenth Amendment
- a constitutional amendment allowing AMerican voters to directly elect U.S. senators
- Florence Kelly
- Helped persuade Illinois to prhibit child labour and to limit the number of hours women were forced to work; helped find the National Child Labour Committee
- NAACP
- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. They worked for their civil rights.
- Nineteenth Amendment
- The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.
- AFL
- American Federation of Labor. A union of skilled workers from one or more trades which focused on collective bargaining (negotiation between labor and management) to reach written agreements on wages hours and working conditions. The AFL used strikes as a major tactic to win higher wages and shorter work weeks.
- Meat Inspection Act
- law reforming meatpacking conditions, 1906
- Alice Paul
- head of the National Woman's party that campaigned for an equal rights amendment to the Constitution. She opposed legislation protecting women workers because such laws implied women's inferiority. Most condemned her way of thinking.
- Pure Food and Drug Act
- This law requires manufacturers to tell the truth about their food and drug products., law that outlawed the manufacture,sale, or transportation of food and medicine containing harmful ingredients
- Theodore Roosevelt
- a New York politician, who loved the outdoors, became vice president then shortly after President. He set up trust, square deals, pure food and drug act. Interested in national parks and reservations.
- Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
- fire erupted in New York Triangle Shirtwaist Co building started in the 8th floor probably from a discarded match; escapes were blocked; over 140 men and women died, 1911
- Square Deal
- Theodore Roosevelt's campaigning slogan that expressed his belief that the needs of workers, business, and consumers should be balanced, and called for limiting the power of trusts, promoting public health and safety, and improving working conditions
- Newlands Reclamation Act
- Law that allowed the federal government to build irrigation projects to make marginal lands productive.
- Labor Unions
- Organizations of workers who, together, put pressure on the employers in an industry to improve working conditions and wages.
- NAWSA
- National American Woman Suffrage Association; founded in 1890 to help women win the right to vote
- Carrie Chapman Catt
- Spoke powerfully in favor of suffrage, worked as a school principal and a reporter ., became head of the National American Woman Suffrage, an inspiried speaker and abrilliant organizer. Devised a detailed battle plan for fighting the war of suffrage.
- Direct Primary
- voters select a party's candidates for public office
- Recall
- enables citizens to remove an elected official from office by calling for a special election
- Woodrow Wilson
- Democrat picked him as their candidate, he was a progressive. became President in 1912. Made a program called New Freedom. Also Federal Reserve Act.
- Jane Addams
- the founder of Hull House, which provided English lessons for immigrants, daycares, and child care classes
- Sixteenth Amendment
- a law that allowed Congress to levy taxes based on an individual's income
- Eighteenth Amendment
- a constitutional amendment that oulawed the production and sale of alcoholic beverages in the U.S
- Susan B. Anthony
- social reformer who campaigned for womens rights, the temperance, and was an abolitionist, helped form the National Woman Suffrage Assosiation