Sets 1-11
Terms
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- Reasons for Colonization
- 1) Wealth & Power, 2) Religion, 3) Nationalism, 4) Renaissance Spirit
- Stamp Act
- Law passed by Parliament that required colonists to pay for an official stamp when buying things. A form of tax.
- Mayflower Compact
- Written form of govenment. 1st attempt of self government in English Colonies
- Patriot
- Someone who wanted to be independent from GB
- Magna Carta
- Written in 1215 AD, this document limited the power of the king and established the right to have a trial by jury.
- Tarriff
- A tax on imports or exports
- Separation of Powers
- Power is divided into different branches of government. This helps prevent one branch from becoming too powerfull.
- INDICT
- To formally accuse someone or something.
- Tea Act
- Law allowing British merchants to sell their tea for less than Colonial merchants. Colonists react with the Boston Tea Party.
- NATURALIZED CITIZEN
- A person born in another country who has been granted citizenship.
- SEARCH WARRANT
- A judge's order authorizing the search of a person's home or property in order to look for evidence of a crime.
- Militia
- An army made up of civilians serving temporarily as soldiers.
- Agrarian Society
- A society (country) that makes most of its money through farming.
- Three-Fifths Compromise
- Agreement worked out in Constitutional Convention. Three fifths of the slaves in each state would be used in determining its population.
- Inflation
- An increase in the price of goods & services combined with a reduced value of money. For example: In 1910, soda cost 10 cents - now it costs a dollar.
- Compromise
- An agreement between 2 sides where each side chooses to give in a little.
- AntiFederalist
- People who were against the ratification of the Constitution
- Bicameral Legislature
- A law making body made of two houses (bi means 2). Example: Congress (our legislature) is made of two house - The House of Representatives and The Senate.
- Triangular Trade
- A trade network that formed (on a map) a triangle. Goods and slaves would move from England, to Africa, to Americas (forming a triangle).
- Pardon
- To forgive (example: pardon crimes)
- French and Indian War
- War faught between Colonists, British, & their Native Allies vs. French and Their Native Allies
- DOUBLE JEOPARDY
- The illegal act of trying a person twice for the same crime. The 5th Amendment makes this illegal.
- Townshend Acts
- Act that taxed various colonial imports. Colonists react with a boycott.
- US Constitution
- The government of the United States. A set of principles (guidelines) that describe the duties and powers of the government.
- Minute Men
- Local Militias around Boston. Ready to fight "in a minute".
- DUE PROCESS
- The law is applied fairly to all.
- Legislative Branch
- Makes the laws of a country
- Republic
- A government run by officials who were elected by the people.
- Delegated Powers
- Powers that are specifically given to the federal government by the US Constitution
- Cash Crop
- Crops that make a lot of money. E.g. Tobacco, Indigo, Cotton, Sugar.
- Pocahontas
- Native American who helped with relations between the Jamestown settlers.
- Secondary Source
- An account or retelling of an event by someone who was not present at the event. (Like your history Book)
- France
- Country that assisted us in the Revolutionary War
- Depression ($)
- A steep drop in economic activity combined with rising unemployment (basically, no one is making money).
- Ratify
- To approve (a treaty, law, etc.)
- Federalist
- People who supported the ratification of the Consitution
- Amendment
- Official change or addition to a law or constitution.
- Squanto
- Native American who helped with relation between the natives and the Pilgrims.
- Mercanaries
- Hired foreign soldiers
- Federalism
- A system of government where power is shared between the state and national (or central) governments.
- Cabinet
- A group of people that advise the president. Each person is head of a department (example: Education). They are chosen by the president and approved by the Senate.
- Popular Sovereignty
- Government gets its power from the people.
- Executive Branch
- Enforces the laws of a country
- Industry
- Systematic work or labor. In American history, industry often refers to manufacturing (that is - a business that makes something). For early US history, industry took place most often in the North East.
- British Advantages in Rev. War
- 1) Larger Population, 2) Stronger Arm & Navy, 3) Americans didn't have a regular army, 4) Most American soldiers were in Militias (not the best trained)
- NORTHWEST ORDINANCE
- Legislation passed by congress that set up guidelines for the admission of new states. This applied to the areas of the Northwest Territory.
- Free Enterprise
- An economic system where there is competition between businesses. The government has little control over the system.
- Primary Source
- An account or retelling of an event by someone who was present at the event. (An eye witness)
- Concurrent Powers
- Powers shared by the Federal and State governments.
- Suffrage
- The right to vote (voting rights)
- Articles of Confederation
- The 1st gov't of the United States. It was a weak gov't - giving most of its power to the states.
- PETITION
- A formal request. Citizens may request that government set right their grievances. This is part of the 1st Amendment.
- Proclamation of 1763
- British decree that banned colonists from settling west of the Appalachian mountains (in the territory won from France during the French & Indian War).
- Boston Tea Party
- As a protest against the Tea Act, a group of colonists boarded ships carrying chests of tea and dumped them into Boston Harbor. Britain reacted with the "Intolerable Acts".
- Middle Passage
- A voyage (trip) that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies.
- John Rolfe
- Successful tobacco farmer in the Jamestown colony. Married Pocahontas.
- FREEDOM OF: RELIGION, SPEECH, PRESS, ASSEMBLE, PETITION
- Rights guaranteed under the 1st amendment.
- Checks and Balances
- A system - established in the Constitution - that prevents any branch of government from becoming too powerful
- Alliance
- An agreement between 2 or more countries.
- Reserved Powers
- Powers kept by the State or by citizens.
- Great Compromise
- Agreement made in the Constitutional Convention. In it, Congress would consist of 2 houses (bicameral). One house's representation would be determined by a states population. The other house would contain 2 representatives per state (equal representation).
- Sons of Liberty
- Secret societies formed to protest new taxes passed by Parliament. Led the Boston Tea Party and threatened tax collectors.
- Veto
- To cancel. The president may "veto" a law.
- Battle of Saratoga
- Turning point of the Revolutionary War
- Fundemental Orders of Conneticutt
- 1st Writen Constitution in America
- William Pen
- Quaker who founded the colony of Pennslyvania
- Patriot Advantages in Rev. War
- 1) Fought on their own land (home court), 2) Personal stake in the fighting, 3) George Washington
- Bill of Rights
- 1st 10 Amendments of the US Constitution
- Intolerable Acts
- Also known as Coercive Acts. As a result of the Boston Tea Party, Parliament passed these laws that punished the Colonies (particularly Boston).
- Battle of Yorktown
- Ending point of the Revolutionary War (fought in the South)
- Representative Democracy
- A government made up of representatives of the people. Essentially, a Republic
- Guerrilla Warefare
- Instead of pitched battles, soldiers perform swift, hit and run attacks.
- Judicial Branch
- Interprets the laws of a country
- Bill of Rights
- 1st 10 Amendments of the US Constitution. They list basic American rights.
- 2nd Continental Congress
- Group of men who became the United States 1st Government. Responsible for "Declaration of Independence".
- Propaganda
- Stories and images designed to support a particular point of view. Propaganda does not need to be "true" (but it can be). It's often used to persuade people.
- John Smith
- Leader of the Jamestown colony.
- Impeach
- To vote to bring charges against (i.e. make a decision to "charge" someone with a crime)