chapter 3 (us)
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- characteristics & advantages of middle colonies
- 1. soil fertile and prevalent 2. broad rivers for trade 3. industry 4. ethnically mixed 5. medium size farms
- Rougues Island
- nickname of Rhode island bc it harbored ppl such as hutchinson & williams & other radicals
- Massachusetts Bay Colony
- larger neighbor of Plymouth; less spiritual and more about $
- William Bradford
- cultured pilgrim who was gov 30X; didnt want non-puritans to corrupt settlement
- Blue Law State
- repressive laws in Massachusetts governing behavior (on this color paper)
- "City on a Hill"
- said by John Winthrop to tell puritans of MBC to be a model for humanity
- how england gained control of netherlands
- duke of york attacked new amsterdam, which was forced to surrender for lack of weapons
- "great Migration" (1630s)
- 70000 english ppl in 1630s came to colonies and caribbean
- "Visible Saints"
- calvinists & puritans; those who felt the stirrings of grace in their souls & could demonstrate its presence
- Patroonships
- vast feudal estates along the Hudson river
- Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
- trailblazing document that created a modern constitution that created a democracy
- circumstances of founding of maine
- was part of massachusetts taken away as punishment by the king
- Separatists
- tiny group of puritans who wanted to break away completely from the church
- New Netherlands
- colony on Hudson River w/ fur trade. owned Manhattan Island; owned by dutch west india company
- Peter Stuyvesant
- leader in n.amsterdam that was intolerant in religion & opposed to popular suffrage; forced to give up to duke of york for lack of guns
- Navigation Laws
- rules regarding shipping of products from america to other countries; promoted smuggling
- New England Confederation (1643-1686)
- 4 colonies (MBC, plymouth, connecticut colonies: newhaven, scattered valley ppl), allowed for protection against foes & helped w other problems
- Sir Edmund Andros
- man in boston headed navigation laws and put restrictions on press, meetings, etc. hated by colonists
- King Philip's war
- war b/ween indians & settlers that killed hundreds of settlers & indians; slowed westward movement
- "salutary neglect"
- time period in which the navigation laws were only weakly enforced
- Squanto
- a wamponoag that learned english & intermideated b/ween colonist in plymouth & indians
- John Calvin and Institutes of the Christian Religion
- created calvinism (beliefs used in Puritanis, said God was all-powerful, knowing, & good) also predestination
- Clergy, religious leaders (in massachusetts)
- member of Massachusetts bay with the most political power
- Thomas Hooker
- reverend who led puritans to connecticut; created fundamental orders
- John Winthrop
- 1st gov of the Massachusetts Bay Colony (19 yrs); v religious
- New Amsterdam
- later nyc; also run by dutch west india company; strong aristocracy & little religious toleration
- Glorious Revolution
- revolution with no blood that dethroned james II & put dutch william III and mary on the throne; caused colonists to rebel
- Wampanoags
- indians near plymouth; friendly w pilgrims through squanto
- Massasoit
- cheif wampanoag who signed peace treaty w pilgrims
- Dutch East & West India Companies
- profitable companies in the caribbean (w. often raided spanish ships, less profitable then e.)
- John Cotton
- fiery clergy in Massachusetts who defended govs right to make religious rules; preached up to 6 hrs a day
- Roger Williams
- Salem minister who wanted to separate from church, objected to treatment of indians, and questioned authority of church on legal matters
- Chief Tammany
- indian chief that penn bought land from; v. good relationship b/ween settlers and indians
- Captain Miles Standish
- nicknamed "captain shrimp"; served on the mayflower, crucial indian fighter and negotiater
- Mayflower
- boat that brought 100 separatists to the new world from holland
- Anne Hutchinson
- woman who carried predestination to logical extreme of antinomianism, banished to Rhode Island
- Metacom (king phillip)
- son of Massasoit; led the only hope of rebellion of indians by combining the tribes (called this by english)
- Wall Street
- settlers on manhattan island erected a wall as a defense measure against indians
- origin of the name New York
- named for duke of york who captured it
- Puritans
- english reformers who wanted to purify the church of england
- Pequot War (1637)
- war b/ween ppl in connecticut & pequots; english fought them w narrangansetts and killed off most of this tribe
- "Protestant Ethic"
- involved serious commitment to work and to engagement in wordly pursuits for God
- Henry Hudson
- english explorer who ventured into delaware and ny and went up the hudson river
- Predestination
- God already chose & knew who was going to heaven and hell (the elect)
- Circumstances of founding of njersey & delaware
- nj-2 proprieters bought land from duke of york (w. was quakers) d- named for de la warr, granted own assembly but remained under gov of Pennsylvania
- Dominion of New England (1686-1688)
- when charles II was restored, much more british involvement occured, bringing out rebellion in colonies
- William Penn
- leader of quakers in pennsylvania (created colony of a debt owed to him by king)
- Mayflower Compact
- an agreement by the pilgrims to form a crude gov & to submit to the will of the majority & God
- Antinomianism
- claimed that a holy life was no sign of salvation & that the saved need not bother to obey the law of either God of man
- Michael Wigglesworth & "The Day of Doom"
- clergyman who illustrated the horrors of hell in this poem
- Religious Society of Friends
- official name of the quakers