Cold War
Terms
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- Hollywood Ten
- refused to testify and decided to go to prison rather than testifying to the HUAC claiming protection from the Constitution
- Suburbs
- grew 6x faster than cities---resulted from increased car production--white flight from urban areas from black migration-gov't polices insured bother builders and homeowners
- Election of 1948
- Truman defeats Dewey in a stunning upset--Henry Wallace leds new Progressive party--Dewey Rublications
- Smith Act
- 1940-made it illegal to advocate the overthrow of the goverment by force or to belong to an organization advocating sucha position--Truman admin used to jail American Communist Praty
- Truman's Fair Deal
- housing, full employment, and higher minimum wage, better farm supports, new TVAS, extension of Social security, and increased rights for African Americans--only major successes were:raising minimum wage, public housing, and extending old-age insurace to more beneficiaries (SSA)--Coalition of Republicans and Southern Democrats prevented little more than the maintenance of existing programs
- John Birch Society
- ultra-conservative nationalist group
- Vital Center
- 1948-1968--a political censensus developed in America, although bitter political wrangling continued to characterize america---three components: anti-communism,belief that economic growth can solve all of society's problems, political pluralism (belief that a variety of ideas can compete in America)--elected Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson
- Economic boom
- National income nearly doubled in 1950s almost doubled again in 1960s--60% owned their own homes--postwar jobs went to women in urban offices and shops--feminist revolt in 1960s--economy largely fueled by the growth of the defense industry--cheap energy and increased supply of power facilitated growth--productivity rose due to increases in education and technology
- Civil Rights
- gain for African Americans--1946 Truman--committee publishes To Secure These Rights--desegregation--ani-lynching--poll taxes--1948 banned racial discrimination in fed gov. hiring and ordered desegregation of armed forces--blacks integrated in 1953
- Red Scare
- communism at home--fear of spies infiltrating US govt (Alger Hiss, Rosenburgs)--Fear of nuclear war--spread of communism around the world (e.europe, fall of china in 1949, Korea--demagogue politicians using fear for gain (HUAC McCarthy)--fear of another depression
- dr.benjamin spock
- the commonsense book of baby and child care--sold 1 million copies--said that womens primary responsibility was to stay home and nurture their children
- Presidential Succession Act
- 1947--contingency for nuclear war--vice president, speaker of the house, president pro tempore, secretary of state in line for succession
- Middle class
- 5.7 million 1941--over 12 million by early 1960s
- loyalty oaths
- increasingly demanded of employees esp teachers--many felt civil liberties suppressed
- HUAC
- Iindicts Alger Hiss 1947--created in 1945--sensationalistic--liberals and member of new deal targeted--Nixon led the movement to indict Alger Hiss
- McCarran Internal Security Bill
- 1950--required communist-front organizations to register with the attorney general and prevented members from defense work and travel abroad--Truman vetoed so the president could arrest and detain suspicious person during an internal security emergency
- consumerism
- mushroomed as americans had more disposable income: cars, gadgets, vactions
- Government employeee forbidden
- criticize us foreign policy--advocate womens rights--own books on socialism--attend foreign films
- Baby boom
- population grew over 28 mill--97% in urban and suburban areas--between 1946and1961 63.5 mill babies were born---proportional growth in population unprecedented in American history
- loyalty review board
- investigated more than 3 million fed.emply.--3,000 resigned or were dismissed--212 fired
- cult of domesticity re-emerges
- a few advocated that science supported the idea that women could only find fulfillment as a homemaker
- Loyalty program
- Truma--attorny general indentified 90 disloyal organizations who werent given the right to prove their innocence--gave FBI approval
- Sunbelt vs. Frostbelt
- suadvent of air-conditioning spurred enormous growth--war industries and high-tech industries attracted million to the west coast--aerospace industry and huge military installations attracted million to Texas and Floride--Rustbelts states of the Ohio Valley angered at federal outlays for Southern and Western states--ever president since 1964 has come from sunbelt (15 state area from Virginia thru florida and texas to arizona and california)
- Rosenbergs
- 1954--convicted and executed for allegadly giving atomic bomb secrets to the Soviets
- McCarthyism
- Senate hearing created an atmosphere of conformity and fear--downfall of McCarthy occurred when he took on the Army in 1954
- GI Bill of Rights
- response to unemployment fears resulting from 15 mill returning GIS from WWII--Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944--Veterans Administration--bill contributed to economic prosperity that emerged in late 1940s
- 22nd Amendment
- 1951--limited president to two terms--coservative move--over 17 years of continuous democratic rule in the white house (since FDR and Truman)--FDR elected to 4 terms--many saw unamerican
- Taft-Hartley Act
- June 1947--passed over Truman's veto--conservative response to powerful labor unions--Republicans gained congress in 1946--strike--John Lewis--United Mine Workers--80 day cooling-off perioid--outlawed closed-shop (only hiring union members--union shop allowed (obligated new workers to become union members--unions flourised