Socials 9
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Thanks to Jonathan Hsu for supplying some of the definitions
Thanks to Jonathan Hsu for supplying some of the definitions
Terms
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- Restoration
- After Cromwell's death there was an election for the new parliament. The new parliament brought back monarchy and the House of Lords and invited Charles II to be the new king of England. This was a popular decision.
- short parliament
- After eleven years of attempting personal rule, Charles recalled the parliament in 1640.
- Charles I
- was the son of James I. Like his father he believed in the 'Divine Right of Kings'. His determination to take full control of the country and to make his own decisions made him very unpopular with people, especially members of parliament.
- Puritan
- were a group of people who grew discontent in the Church of England and worked towards religious, moral and societal reforms.
- Puritan
- A member of a group of English Protestants who in the 16th and 17th centuries advocated strict religious discipline along with simplification of the ceremonies and creeds of the Church of England.
- absolute power
- is a form of government where the monarch has the power to rule his or her land or country and its citizens freely
- Church of England
- A branch off of Roman Catholicism, made by King Henry VIII originally to divorce his wife.
- roundhead
- a member or adherent of the Parliamentarians or Puritan party during the civil wars of the 17th century (so called in derision by the Cavaliers because they wore their hair cut short).
- Bill of Rights
- This document proved that the Parliament was in real command of the country, it is what led us to have the rights we have today.
- Mayflower
- was a ship that was supposed to go to Hudson River but ended up in Cape Cod Bay. The ship passengers moved ashore and started life as the Plymouth Colony. The Pilgrim fathers were the original Pilgrims, the first one's to arrive on the Mayflower. Puritans were people seeking purity of worship.
- Edgehill
- It was the first battle of the English Civil War. It didn't have a winner. Could have made a huge influence if either side won
- Constitutional Monarchy
- is a form of constitutional government, where in either an elected or hereditary monarch is the head of state, unlike in an absolute monarchy, wherein the king or the queen is the sole source of political power, as he or she is not legally bound by the constitution.
- Religious Settlement
- The beginning of tolerance and compromise. By the end of Elizabeth's reign, most English people although they were not particularly religious, believed strongly in the connection between the Church and their English citizenship
- Reformation in Europe
- In 1517 Martin Luther posts a list of grievances on the Church's door and that leads to a rebellion against the Church. Eventually, the reformation spreads to all of western Europe
- English Prayer book
- William Laud tried to force the _________ on the people of Scotland who were mostly Presbyterians.
- Protectorate
- the name Oliver Cromwell gave himself because he did not want to be known as a king.
- New Model Army
- The Long Parliament created the ________ in early 1645 as a response to the nearly disastrous loss of momentum in the English civil war with the king.
- James II
- He was the last Catholic monarch to reign over the Kingdoms of England, he believed in absolute monarchy, he was forced to abdicate the throne
- Battle of Marston Moore
- was an English Civil war. It was an attack by the Scots and Roundhead forces.
- lobster tail helmets
- A helmet with a neck protector that resembled a lobster's tail
- billet
- citizens were forced to billet soldiers of the army, and to provide them with food and anything they may require
- women during the civil war
- defended there villages from attack and nursed wounded soldiers
- Elizabeth I
- Her tenure at the throne was more tolerant and in the religious settlement she attempted to appease both sides by implementing blend of both Protestantism and Catholicism in the Church of England.
- Defeat of the Spanish Armada
- : Stops Spanish invasion force.
- Trial and Execution of the King
- when Charles was on trial for treason. The irony of this was that treason was defined as trying to overthrow the king, so he was trying to overthrow himself. At one point of the trial Charles tapped the floor with his stick and the gold head fell off, people saw this as an evil omen.
- ship money
- a tax put on coastal towns which makes towns give the king a ship or the amount of money it would cost to build a ship
- Long Parliament
- it lasted for 13 years. Charles expected it to once again give him what he wanted but the new Parliament was even more unfriendly to Charles then the other.
- Monarch
- One who reigns over a state or territory, usually for life and by hereditary right,
- Naseby
- on June 14, 1645, the parliamentarians under Sir Thomas Fairfax of Cameron and Oliver Cromwell defeated the royalists under Charles I and Prince Rupert in a decisive battle of the English civil war.
- Gunpowder Plot
- was a failed assassination attempt by English Catholics (led by Guy Fawkes) to kill James and his family by blowing up the houses of Parliament with gunpowder.
- Reformation in England
- Henry the 8th marries Catherine of Aragon. She has a girl, so Henry divorces her. To do that Henry the 8th must ask the pope for a divorce. The pope refuses to grant his request.
- Rump Parliament
- When the civil war began many members of the parliament who had voted against the Grand Remonstrance left parliament to fight for the king. It left the parliament in the hands of the puritans and the Presbyterians.
- Oliver Cromwell
- He was an English soldier and statesman who helped make England a republic and then ruled as lord protector from 1653 to 1658.
- tonnage and poundage
- certain duties and taxes first levied in Edward II's reign on every tun (cask) of imported wine, which came mostly from Spain and Portugal, and on every pound weight of merchandise exported or imported. Traditionally tonnage and poundage was granted by Parliament to the king for life up until the reign of Charles I. Tonnage and poundage were swept away by the Customs Consolidation Act of 1787.
- Discovery of the New World
- Helps to gradually expand Europe's trade, knowledge of settlement and exploitation.
- Divine Right
- The doctrine that monarchs derive their right to rule directly from God and are accountable only to God.
- habeus corpus
- Prisoners often seek release by filing a petition for a writ of ________. A writ of habeas corpus is a judicial mandate to a prison official ordering that an inmate be brought to the court so it can be determined whether or not that person is imprisoned lawfully and whether or not he should be released from custody.
- James I
- During his reign over England, a group of Catholics tried to kill him and his family by blowing up the houses of parliament, this was one of many assassination attempts. However, England continued in the "golden age" of literature and drama. James tried, and failed to bring a union between Scotland and England.
- Test Acts
- were a series of English penal laws that served as a religious test for public office and imposed various civil disabilities on Roman Catholics and Nonconformists.
- abdicate
- to renounce or relinquish a throne, right, power, claim, responsibility, or the like, esp. in a formal manner
- Rule without Parliament
- caused Charles to seek help from others to achieve his goals, such as Lord Strafford and Archbishop Laud.
- Mary I
- When she comes to throne she changes people back to being Catholic and lots of people are not happy with it.
- Blue Laws
- outlawed pagan ceremonies such as Christmas, dancing, gambling, sports and the theatre. This decision was very unpopular but Cromwell was too strong to resist.
- crown jewels
- Made for the coronation of King Charles II
- Republic
- a state in which the supreme power rests in the body of citizens entitled to vote and is exercised by representatives chosen directly or indirectly by them.
- cavaliers
- A supporter of Charles I of England in his struggles against Parliament. Also called Royalist.
- Magna Carta
- In 1215, King John is forced to sign a document with his barons which ensured that the King could not act unilaterally without consulting his barons (landowning advisors)
- Charles II
- Son of Charles I, was overweight, tolerable,
- Battle of the Boyne
- was fought in 1690 between two rival claimants of the English, Scottish and Irish thrones - the Catholic King James and the Protestant King William, who had deposed James in 1688.
- Henry VIII
- was the second monarch of the House of Tudor, succeeding his father, Henry VII, married to Catherine of Aragon, created the Anglican church in order to divorce Catherine.
- Presbyterians
- a follower of Calvinism as taught in the Presbyterian Church