Political Ideologies/ Civil Liberties Exam
Terms
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- Electoral College
- the body of electors that chooses the president and vice president. The Constitution, in Article 2, Section 1, provides: “Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress.†However, no senator, representative, or officer of the U.S. government may be an elector. The electors are directed by the Constitution to vote in their respective states, and Congress is authorized to count their votes.
- Political Ideology
- Ian idea or belief influenced by ones social moral an economic standings
- Elite Theory
- Elite Theory believes that a wealthy elite runs the United States. The economic elite consists of the same people as the political elite (wealth equals power). The elite exerts power downward on the masses.
- Articles of Confederation
- Pre-constitution doctrine that gave states total control of there own laws. This cause problems when it came to the state listening to the federal gov. I.E. taxes not being paid.
- Virginia Plan
- Essentially, the Virginia Plan proposed a strong national government that could make and enforce laws, and collect taxes. The people would be governed by two governments - the state and national. A system such as this is known as a Federal system of government. Additionally, both houses of the legislature would feature proportional representation; basically, this means that the more people a state has, the more representatives it gets in the legislature. Clearly, larger states favored this plan.
- New Jersey Plan
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Three - legislative, executive, and judicial. The legislature appoints people to serve in the executive branch, and the executive branch selects the justices of the Supreme Court.
Unicameral (one-house)
The national government could levy taxes and import duties, regulate trade, and state laws would be subordinate to laws passed by the national legislature.
Ultimately, the New Jersey Plan was rejected as a basis for a new constitution. It was really a continuation of the old style of government under the Articles of Confederation. However, some ideas from it were used in the new constitution. The Virginia Plan was used, but many delegates felt that any new government would need new powers and a new organization to exercise those powers fully. - Marbury vs. Madison, the Doctrine of Judical Review
- The 1803 decision is widely viewed as having established the doctrine of judicial review, which permits the Court to overturn acts of Congress that violate the Constitution; moreover, such judicial decisions are final, not subject to further appeal
- Nation-centered vs. state centered federalism
- More emphasis on national gov vs more emphasis on state gov power
- McCullough V. Maryland
- The fundamental case established the following two principles: (1) that the Constitution grants to Congress implied powers inherent in the nature of the Constitution as a blueprint for a practically functional government, and (2) that state action may not impede validly constitutional exercises of power by the Federal government. The opinion was written by Chief Justice John Marshall, a man whose many opinions shape modern constitutional law.
- The Elastic Clause
- AKA necessary and proper clause empowers the Congress to make all laws necessary for executing its other powers and those of the federal government as a whole
- Supremacy Clause
- It establishes the constitution and treaties the supreme law of the land
- Entitlement Programs
- social security, ssi (supplement security income)
- catergorical vs block federal grants in aid
- block grow more slowly than categorical
- classic and neo fedralism
- layered vs marble cake