History Chap. 19-20 Test
Terms
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- Building stable governments and developing these countries and industries economically
- Modernization
- U.S. & Soviet nations were strong enough to influence the acts and policies of other nations
- Superpowers
- a system of though or belief
- Ideology
- one that is not allied to either side in a Cold War
- Nonaligned
- The dependence of countries on goods, resources, and knownledge from other parts of the world
- Interdependence
- What was set up at the end of WWI as a forum for setting disputes and acted as a peacekeeper
- United Nations
- Conference of leaders and experts from around the world to discuss world issues
- Summits
- Fighting against communism and trying to keep the peace
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization
- "Right to life, liberty, and security of person"-UN Declaration of _________
- Human Rights
- The willful use of violence to achieve political goals
- Terrorism
- Created by the East side of Germany to stop people from going to the West (democracy). Ended by ppl kocking it down while the East was falling ('89)
- The Berlin Wall
- When the Cold War triggered an Arms Race where both sides were producing nuclear weapons and each wanted more nuclear weapons than the other
- Nuclear Threat
- The relaxation of tensions (between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. Ending after Soviet invaded Afganistan.)
- Detente
- Where a govt. keeps most features of a capitalist economy but takes greater responsibility for social and economic needs of its people. (ex. high taxes)
- Welfare State
- OPEC cut oil production and raised prices (caused inflation and slowed economic growth)
- The Oil Crisis
- Where business slowed and unemployment rates rose
- Recession
- One that provides a service rather than a product
- Service Industry
- It's goal was to expand free trade. Ended tariffs on goods and allowed workers and capital to move freely across national borders
- EC(Common Market)
- New name of Common Market. Promoted regional prosperity, peace, and security.
- Eurpean Union
- The new single currency for member nations
- Euro
- Leader of Conservative Party for Britain. 11 Years as Britains prime minister. Rejected welfare state
- Margaret Thatcher
- Prime minister of English. Current leader. Tried to unify Labour and Conservative parties.
- Tony Blair
- 6 Countries that remained English. Protestant wanted to be English and Catholics wanted to be Irish
- Northern Ireland
- Pres. of first free elections in France. Set up 5th Republic. Wrote new Constitution that gave him more power
- Charles De Gaulle
- Pres. of France. Cut govt. spending. Large French economy. Conservative.
- Jacques Chirac
- Chief Minister
- Chancellor
- First chancellor of unified Germany. Democratic.
- Helmut Kohl
- A temporary alliance of political parties (Italy)
- Coalition
- Saved Spain. Last dictator of Spain in 1970s
- Francisco Franco
- Minister of Finance. Kept Portugal neutral during WWII. Developed new Constitution for Portugal.
- Antonio Salazar
- Emerged as the new Soviet leader after Stalin. De-stalinized Russia. Cuban missile crisis.
- Nikita Khrushchev
- Soviet goals were not changed. Freed many political prisonors. Eased censorship.
- De-stalinization
- Doctrine. Sovt. Union had a right to intervene militarily in any Warsaw Pact nation.
- Leonid Brezhnev
- People that oppose the government.
- Dissidents
- Money went to military. Low on consumer goods.
- Failure of the Command Economy in USSR
- Former leader of Russia. Reduced tensions between the East (Russia & Soviet). Renounced Brezhev Doctrine. Glasnost.
- Mikhail Gorbachev
- Openness (Mikhail eased censorship and encouraged people to speak against govt.)
- Glasnost
- Restructuring of the government and economy
- Perestroika
- First president of Russia 1991. 8 Years. Got rid of Communism.
- Boris Yeltsin
- Failure to make payments
- Defaulted
- Veteran of Soviet secret police. Became President of Soviet. Elected in first free elections in 2000. Current president.
- Vladimir Putin
- Introduced liberal reforms in Czechoslovakia. Called for "socialism with a human face". Liberal reforms.
- Alexander Dubcek
- Independent trade union that wanted political change in Poland-illegal Pope John Paul II, Walesa.
- Solidarity
- Organized solidarity. First president of Poland in 50 years. Church loves him...away from USSR
- Lech Walesa
- Peaceful. Czech Republic & Sloviakia
- Breakup of Czechoslovakia
- Guerrilla leader. Battled German occupying forces, set up communist government in Yugoslavia. Refused to join Warsaw Pact.
- Josip Tito
- Killing people of different ethnic groups
- Ethnic cleansing
- Analyze the causes and the effects of the fall of the USSR
-
Inefficient government. NO consumer goods. Overproduction of military equipment. Bad leaders. Rebel states.
Bankruptcy. Failed economy. Safety for U.S. Ending of Cold War. Democracy. - Explain the civil war in Yugoslavia
- Yugoslavis created after WW1 as a homeland for the South Slavs. Consisted of:Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Macedonia, Slovenia, and Montenegro. Ethnic groups: Serbs->Orthodox Christians; Croats->Roman Catholics; Bosnians->Muslims. All spoke Serbo-Croatian. Serbs dominated. Tito Ruling.Slovenia declared independence 1991. Then Croatia, Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
- Describe Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Greece, Portugal, and SPain after WWII
-
Brit-Labour party
France-Social reforms. Economy build up. Close relations with West Germany.
Italy, Greece, Portugal-dictators - Explain the reunification of Germany.
- Berlin Wall fell. Formed one democratic nation. Aid packages. 10 Years of independence.
- List and describe the enduring issues that affect the world today.
- Terrorism. Aids. Nuclear bombs. Biological weapons. Chaos in the Middle East. Recession/gas prices
- Muslims vs. Serbs. Civil war. NO self rule allowed
- Bosnia
- Civil war. Muslims vs. Serbs. Guerrilla warfare
- Kosovo
- Trials. Yugoslavia leader-killing all the Muslims and Croats. 66 counts. Died two weeks ago in jail cell
- Sloboda Milosevic-War crimes