Immunology-veterinary
Terms
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- isograft
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graft between genetically identical subjects
-these are accepted graft transplants - allograft
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graft between same species but different genotype
-these are rejected transplants - xenograft
- graft between subjects from different species
- autochthonous tissue
- tissue from same individual
- chimera
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an individual organism whose body contains cell populations derived from different zygotes, of the same or different species.
-host may not develop an immune response to this - self-recognition
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-differentiation of self substances from foreign substances
-can be proteins, carbohydrates, etc.
-clonal deletion mechanism
-sponge species example - immune specificity
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-T-cells and B-cells have a predisposed specificity to respond to a particular epitope or antigenic receptor
-each inidvidual cell can respond to only one epitope
-as a population can recognize ~1 billion DIFFERENT epitopes - Antigen
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-a substance to which the immune system can react
-usually foreign (non-self) - immune repertoire
- the ability of the immune system to respond to perhaps 1 billion antigenic determinants
- immune response
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-antibody AND cell-mediated reactions to antigen
-involves B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes and APCs - non-specific/innate immunity
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-based on the genetic constitution of the individual
-non-specific means of clearing or removing most undesirable substances - specific/adaptive immunity
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-acquired immunity
-specific immunity attributable to the presence of antibody or reactive lymphocytes following prior exposure to an infectious agent or antigenic substance - complement
- complex biological system that covalently binds specific proteins to the microbial surface that can destroy invading microorganisms
- classical complement pathway
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triggered when antibodies bind to an organism
-initial component is C1
-activated by IgG -requires 2(less active) and IgM (more active) - MHC
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a gene complex that codes specialized receptor glycoproteins
-determines which antigens are processed and presented
-control antigen processing and presentation