Tech skills Intro
Terms
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- Define posteroanterior (PA)
- Pt’s chest is pressed against cassette. Beam emanating from pt’s backside.
- Define anteroposterior (AP)
- Pt’s back is pressed against cassette. Bema emanating from pt’s front.
- How does the following film density show up on a radiographic image? 1. Air 2. Fat 3. Bone 4. soft tissue
- 1. air = black 2. fat = black 3. bone = white 4. soft tissue = shades of gray
- Name the 4 types of densities
- air, fat, bone, soft tissue
- What are the 3 most common radiographic views
- 1. AP 2. PA 3. Lateral
- What are 3 less common radiographic views
- 1. AP Chest 2. Apical lordodic 3. Expiratory chest
- When would you want an AP Chest view
- Usually in ER or hospital when pt is non-ambulatory. Heart appears larger in this view because it is farther away
- What is the benefit of an expiratory chest view
- can help find pneumothorax or unilateral diaphragm paralysis
- Define digital radiographic image:
- computed radiography. Special phosphor plate instead of film is used. Uses laser beam that causes light to be released from phosphor plate
- Define contrast media:
- injected IV to enhance organs and other soft tissues. It increases their density
- Define Angiography:
- injection of contrast media directly into a vein or artery
- What are commonly used contrast agents
- barium sulfate, high/low osmolar iodinated compounds, iar and gadolinium
- Define sagittal/coronal/axial anatomic planes:
- Sectional, cross sectional and transverse views of the body
- Define helical or spiral CT:
- pt continuously moves thru gantry while x-ray tube continuously encircles pt. Results in spiral configuration.
- Define magnetic resonance:
- hydrogen protons absorb the broadcast radio wave energy and become energized or resonate
- Define magnetic resonance angiography:
- image vessels without using needles, caths, or iodinated contrast media
- Define Ultrasonography:
- noninvasive and doesn’t use x-rays or radiation. Uses sectional anatomy and emits high-frequency sound waves
- Define sound waves:
- When a sound wave encounters an acoustic interface or boundary, the sound is absorbed, deflected or reflected then digitized
- Define homogeneous echo pattern HEP:
- Having increased or more internal echoes. Solid organs have HEP, where fluid-filled organs and masses have fewer internal echoes
- Be able to describe the basic theory behind each of the diagnostic imaging modalities: CT
- Computed tomography was developed in 1970’s by the Beatles. Images are produced by x-rays, detectors and computers
- Be able to describe the basic theory behind each of the diagnostic imaging modalities: Ultrasound
- images are produced by high-frequency sound waves, transducers and computers
- Be able to describe the basic theory behind each of the diagnostic imaging modalities: MRI
- Magnetic resonance imaging is produced by magnetic fields, radio-frequency waves and computers
- Name some indications for ultrasound
-
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Pediatric brain
Testicle and prostate,
Female pelvis, Chest for pleural fluid drainage, Abd Vascular disease - Name some indications for CT
- Trauma, Intracranial hemorrhage, ABD injuries, Fracture detection and eval, Spine alignment, Detect FB, Dx of primary or secondary neoplasms, Tumor staging
- What are the contraindications for MRI
- Pregancy, Cerebralaneurysms, Cardiac pacemakers, Inner ear implants, Metallic FB in and around eyes
- Know the circumstances under which you would order a CT or MRI with or without contrast, and what structures you are trying to evaluate.
- Contrast is used to evaluate soft tissues, angiography, myelography (spinal subarachnoid space, urinary tract, GI. Always check kidney function first!
- TECH SKILLS: INTRO INTO RADIOLOGY: RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGING, CT, MRI
- TECH SKILLS: INTRO INTO RADIOLOGY: RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGING, CT, MRI
- What is T1 in MRI used for
- tend to have excellent resolution and are used to procure anatomic information.
- What is T2 in MRI used for
- better contrast than T1 and cause water to light up. Used when searching for pathology which contains more water
- Compare and contrast CT and MRI
- CT has high resolution for imagin anatomy. MRI has high soft tissue contrast that makes it better for soft tissue imaging