cis chap 1
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- home, educational, workplace, miscellaneous
- uses of computers
- a programmable electronic device that accepts data (input), performs operations on the data (processing), presents the results (output), stores the data and results (storage).
- computer
- sometimes considered the 5th primary computer operation
- communications
-
-1945
-abacus, slide rule, mechanical calculator and Hollerith's Punch Card Tabulating Machine and Sorter. - precomputers or early computers
-
-1946-1957
-powered by vacuum tubes
-one program run at a time
-not fast and powerful as today's computers
-input was punch cards
-output was printed on paper
-Ex: ENIAC and UNIVAC - 1st generation computer
-
-1958-1963
-used transistors
-smaller, faster, and powerful than 1st gen.
-input was punch cards
-output was printed on magnetic tapes - 2nd generation computers
- a device that is made out of semiconductor material that can act as a switch to open or close an electronic unit.
- transistor
-
-1964-1970
-used integrated circuits
-smaller, powerful and faster than pervious gene.
-inputs were keyboards
-output was monitors
-used operating systems - 3rd generation computers
- many transistors and electronic circuits were incorporated on single silicon chip
- integrated circuits
-
-1971-present
-used microprocessors
-smaller, faster and powerful than past gen. computers
-input was keyboard and mouse
-output was printers and monitor
-storage devices floppys disks CDs - 4th generation computers
- cpu made on single chip. that means entire core processing capabilities are put on a single chip
- microprocessor
-
-now and in future
-based on artificial intelligence and voice recognition
-take a different form like optical computer
-make smaller
-more powerful and faster - 5th generation computers
- refers to all the physical components of computers such as keyboard, mouse, monitor, printer, floppy, etc.
- hardware
- any piece of equipment that is used to input data into the computer
- input device
- the main device is central processing unit (CPU)
- processing device
- accepts processed data from the computer and presents it to the user
- output device
- a variety of drives and storage media used to store data
- storage device
- modems and network adapters, allow users to communicate electronically with others.
- communications device
- the programs or instructions used to tell hardware in a computer system what to do
- software
- the collection of software that allows a computer to operate. The main system software program is the operating system.
- system software
- programs designed to allow people to perform specific tasks using a computer
- application software
- a set of rules used to write computer programs Ex: C, C++, JAVA, etc.
- programming language
- small devices with some type of built in computing or Internet capability
- mobile devices
- designed to be used by one person at a time
- personal computers
- designed to be used in conjuction with a company network, typically use a network server for storage and processing, also called network computers
- thin clients
- a medium sized computer used to host programs and data for a small network
- midrange server
- the standard choice for organizations, larger, more expensive, and more powerful than midrange server, runs multiple programs at one time
- mainframe computer
- the most powerful and most expensive type of computer available, generally runs one program at a time very fast
- super computer
- ability to design and test buildings before construction and other virtual applications
- benefit of computer-oriented society
- earlier diagnois and more effective treatment of diseases
- benefit of computer-oriented society
- ability to shop, pay bills, research products, take online courses, and locate info 24 hours a day
- benefit of computer-oriented society
- faster communications and financial transactions
- benefit of computer-oriented society
- stress and health concerns
- risk of computer-oriented society
- personal security and privacy issues
- risk of computer-oriented society
- fear of "big brother" situations
- risk of computer-oriented society