Speech Class
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Stage Fright
- Anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech infront of an audience.
- Adrenaline
- a hormone released inti the bloodstream in responce to physical or mental stess
- Positive Nervousness
- controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for her or his presentation.
- Visualization
- Mental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures himself or herself giving a successful presentation.
- 7 elements of communication
-
1. Situational
2. Message
3. Feedback
4. Speaker
5. Listener
6. Channel
7. Interference - Situational
-
Environment:
sit/stand
temp.
lighting - Message
- Topic, organization
- Channel
- Phone, computers, voice, or non verbal
- Frame of Reference
- Everything that makes you who you are. Ex- experience, knowledge, environment
- Ethnocentrism
- THe belief that one's own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures
- Ethics
- The branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs.
- Plagiarism
- Presenting another persons language or ideas as ones own
- Global Plagiarism
- stealing a speech entirely from a single source
- Patchwork Plagiarism
- Stealing ideas or languages from 2 or 3 sources
- Incremental Plagerism
- Failing to give credit
- Perception
- Using all 5 of your sences to get to know the world around you. Giving meaning to the sensory input. How you know what you know.
- Stages of perception
-
1. Bombarded by sensory info
2. Selecting of what sensory info u attend to
3. Organization
4. Interpretation of that sensory info (give it meaning) - Factors that influence Perciption
- Background, experiences, age, maturity level, peer pressure.
- Egocentrism
- The tendency of people to be concerned above all with their own values, beliefs, and well being.
- Rhetorical Question
- A question that the audience answers mentally rather than out loud
- Spare Brain Time
- The difference between the rate at which most peopel talk.
- Active listening
- Giving undivided attention to a speaker in a genuine effot to understnad the speakers point of view
- Demographic audience analysis
- Audience anaylsis that focuses on demographic factors such as age, gender, relihgion, ect.
- Sterotyping
- Creating an oversimplified image of a particular group of people, usually by assuming that all memebers of the group are alike
- Brainstorming
- A method of generating ideas for a speech topic by free assosication of words and ideas
- Situational audience analysis
- Audience analysis that focuses on situational factors such as the size of the audence.
- Fixed alternative questions
- Questions that offer a fixed choice between 2 or more alternatives
- Scale questions
- questions that require responces at a fixed interval along a scale of answers
- Open-ended questions
- questions that allow respondents to answer however they want
- catalogue
- a listing of all the books and other resouces owned at a library
- abstract
- a summary of a magizine or journal article, written by someone other than the original author.
- Supporting material
- the materials used to support a speakers ideas. the 3 major kinds of supporting materials are examples, stats, and testimony.
- statistics
- numerical data
- testimony
- quotes or paraphrases used to support a point
- expert testimony
- testimony from people who are recognzed experts in their fields
- main points
- the major points developed in the body of a speech
- signpost
- a very brief statement that indicates where a speaker is in the speech or that fouses attention on key ideas.
- 5 items needed in introduction
-
1. attention getter
2. reveal topic
3. relate topic to audience
4. credibility statements
5. preview main points - 3 items needed in conclusion
-
1. signal for closing
2. summary of main points
3. concluding device - alliteration
- repetition of the initial consonant sound of close or adjoining words
- nonverbal communication
- communication based on a persons use of voice and body rather than on the use of words
- conversationsl quality
- presenting a speech so it sounds spontaneous no matter how many times it has been rehearsed
- question of fact
- a question about the truth or falsity of an assertion
- question of value
- a question about the worth, rightness, morality, and so forth of an idea or action
- question of policy
- a question about whether or not a specific course of action should or should not be taken
- ethos
- the name used by aristotle for what modern students of communication refer to as credibiliy
- logos
- the name used by aristotle for the logical appeal of a speaker. the 2 major elements of logos are evidence and reasoning.
- pathos
- the name used by aristotle for what modern students of communication refer to as emotional appeal
- dyad
- a group of 2 people
- small group
- 3-12 people
- implied leader
- a group member choosen because of rank, expertise, age, ect.
- emergent leader
- a group member who emerges as a leader during groups deliberations
- designated leader
- a group member who is elected or appointed as leader when the group is formed
- procedural needs
- when and where group may meet
- symosium
- individual prepared speech, different aspects of same topic