biochem.
Terms
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- Define organic chemistry
- The study of all compounds that contain bonds b/t carbon atoms.
- Name 2 reasons why carbon compounds are so interestine?
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1. Can form 4 covalent bonds, can bond with many elements.
2. Can bond to other carbon atoms, single, double, or triple bonds. - Describe the types of carbon-carbon bonds.
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1. single
2. double
3. triple covalent bonds - Define macromolecule.
- Giant molecules
- What is polymerization
- The process which builds large compounds from smaller molecules
- Contrast monomer and polymer.
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monomer - single building block molecule
polymer - a combination of monomers - List the 4 groups of organic compounds found in living things.
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1. carbohydrates
2. lipids
3. proteins
4. nucleic acids - Name the monomer of starches
- sugar molecules in large chains.
- Monosacharides
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single sugar molecules
ex. - glucose, fructose, galactose - Polysaccharides
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chains of monosaccharides - glycogen (animal starch) plant starch
cellulose - most abundent on earth. ex. - cotton, paper - List 3 categories of lipids
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fats - made of glycerol
oils - liquid at room temp.
waxes - fatty acid and alcohol
steroids - hormones - Describe the use of lipids
- stored energy, building blocks of biological membranes.
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Describe the structure of a lipid. What are its monomers?
( pg. 46) - Occur when a glycerol molecule combines with fatty acids
- Saturated fatty acid
- single bonds b/t C atoms of fatty acid
- Unsaturated fatty acids
- double bond (at least one) (unsaturated) betweenC atoms of fatty acid
- List the components of a nucleic acid. What are its monomers?
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H,O,N,C,P
nucleotides - RNA
- ribose ( single strand)
- DNA
- deoxyribose ( double helix)
- List the components of a protein
- C, H, O, N
- What are monomers
- Amino Acids
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List the 3 components of an amino acid.
How many are found in nature? -
amino group - NH2
Carboxyl group - COOH
R-group - different in each amino acid.
20 in nature - Name 3 uses of proteins.
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1. structural (skin, bone)
2. control the tates of reactions - enzymes
3. transport substances and fight disease - Explain why proteins are all shaped differently.
- Because the protein chains ( made of amino acids) are twisted and folded in many different arrangements.