Science Chapter 21 Test
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- What can a substance not be broken down by?
- boiling or grinding
- Water forms an ______ solution with a solute.
- aqueous
- What is the range of acids on the pH scale?
- 0-7
- Describe a base?
- taste biter, feel slippery, are corrosive, and conduct electricity.
- Some atoms in compounds ____ or ____ electrons and become charged atoms called ____.
- lose; gain; ions
- What is an element?
- An element is an example of a pure substance.
- What is the range of the pH scale?
- 0-14
- Two or more substances evenly mixed on a molecular level but not bonded together are called a _______ mixture or a solution.
- homogeneous.
- _______ can be made of different combonations of solids, liquids, and gases.
- Solutions
- A substance that dissolves in a solution is a _____.
- solute
- Acids are also used in ______ and ______.
- batteries and plastics
- What is a mixture?
- combonations of substances that are not bonded together and can be seperated by physical process.
- Stalactites and stalagmites in caves are _______ of minerals that were dissolved in _____.
- precipitates; water
- Concentrated solutions have ____ solute per given amount of ______ than dilute solutions.
- more; solvent
- Acids are found in what kinds of foods?
- oranges and lemons
- _______ mixtures contain substances that are not mixed evenly and have different compositions in different areas.
- Heterogeneous
- ___ is an alloy of copper and zinc.
- brass
- Substances that do not dissolve in another substance are termed ______ in that substance.
- insoluble
- A _____________ contains all of the solute it can hold under a given condition
- saturated solution
- Some solid solutes become more soluble as the temperatureof the __________ increases.
- liquid solvent
- In a solid solid solution made from two or more metals is called an _____.
- alloy
- Substances that dissolve in another substance are called ____ in that substance.
- soluble
- What happens when an ionic compound gets mixed with water?
- The different ions of the compound are pulled apart, or dissolved, by the water molecules.
- List three of the several factors that affect the rate of dissolving.
- temperature, contact area, motion, and time.
- Give one example of a liquid gas solution.
- carbonated beverage.
- Compounds called ______ reacts with acidic or basic solutions and produce certain colors depending on the solutions pH.
- indicators
- What is a substance?
- A substance is matter that has a fixed composition.
- What is the range of bases on the pH scale?
- 7-14
- The _____ is the substance that dissolves the solute.
- solvent
- ____ is an slloy of iron and carbon, which makes the ____ (same word) stronger and more flexible
- steel.
- What is neutralization?
- the interaction between the H+ of an acid and the OH- of a base to form water and a salt.
- What is water also called?
- The universal solvent
- The strength of an acid is related to what?
- To the number of hydrogen ions it donates or how many dydronum ions it produces when dissolved in water.
- What is a substance that is a compound, a chemical combination of two or more elements?
- water
- Give two examples of liquid solid solutions.
- Salt water and sugar water
- In a gas-gas solutin such as air the larger amount of gas is the _____ and the smaller amount of gas is the _____.
- solvent; solute
- "_________" is a phrase that polar molecules dissolves other polar molecules and nonpolar molecules dissolves other nonpolar molecules.
- Like dissolves like
- Describe an acid.
- taste sour,conduct electricity, are corrosive, and react with certain metals.
- A solid that falls out of a solution is called a _____.
- precipitate
- Bases can be used in ________________.
- Soaps and cleaning products
- What are acids?
- substances that dissolve in water and releases positively charged hydrogen ions that combine with water molecules to form positively charged hydronium ions.
- Blood in the human body is _____.
- basic
- What is a base?
- substances that accept hydrogen ions when dissolved in water a hydroxide ion forms.
- _____ dissolves molecular compounds like sugar by seperating the molecules and spreading them throughout it.
- water
- _____ paper turns blue when placed in a basic solution.
- Litmus
- What is solubility?
- measurement that describes how much solute dissolves in a given amount of solvent at a given temp.
- An increase in __________ decrease the _______ of gas in a liquid-gas solution
- temperature; solubility.
- What can a substance be broken down by?
- only by a chemical process such as burning or reacting with other chemicals can change a substance into one or more different substances.
- In a _____ solution the solute cna be another liquid, a solid, or a gas.
- liquid
- The ________ of a solutionis how much solute is present compared to the amount of solvent.
- concentration
- Antacids can help to neutralize excess ____ in the stomach.
- acids
- The strength of a base is related to the number of what?
- Hydrogen ions it can accept or the number of hydroxide ions it produces when dissolved in water.
- What is pH?
- A measure of how acidic or basic a solution is.
- One example of a liquid-liquid solution is _________.
- vinegar