Science Midterm vocab words
thanks emily!
Terms
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- hydroelectric energy
- energy produced by running water
- atom
- smallest unit of an element
- oceanic crust
- material that makes up the ocean floor
- geothermal energy
- energy contained in and available from water heated by magma or gases within the earth
- peat
- brownish-black material produced by a parcial decomposition of plant remains
- continental drift
- a hypothesis that states that the continents had drifted
- Pangaea
- name meaning "all lands"
- ocean trench
- deep valley in the ocean floor that forms along a subduction zone
- sill
- shet of hardened magma that forms betwwen and parallel to layers of rock
- ore
- deposit of minerals from which metals and nonmetals can be profitably removed
- phosphorescence
- ability to grow during and after exposure to ultraviolet light
- Panthalassa
- name meaning "all seas"
- nuclear fussion
- combination of the nuclei of small atoms to form to form a larger nucleus
- evaporites
- sedimentary rocks formed from minerals left after water evaporates
- nuclear fission
- splitting of the nucleus of a large atom into a smaller nuclei
- concretion
- nodule of rock with a different composition from that of the main rock body
- ionic bond
- bond in which electrons are transferred from one atom to another
- subduction zone
- region where onlithosphere playe moves under another
- electron
- subatomic particle with a negative electrical charge
- igneous rock
- rock formed from cooled and hardened magma
- ion
- atom or group of atoms that carries an electrical charge
- laccolith
- flat-bottomed intrusion that pushes overlying rock layers into an arc
- energy level
- arrangement of electrons within the electron cloud of an atom
- gemstone
- nonmetallic mineral that is brilliant and colorful when cut
- mixture
- material that contains two or more substances that are not chemically combined
- nucleus
- region in the center of an atom that contains the protons and neutrons
- stock
- igneous intrusion with an area less that 100 square kilometers
- crude oil
- unrefined petrolium
- diatomic
- consisting of two atoms
- Mid-Atlantic Ocean
- an undersea mountain range with a steep, narrow valley running down its center
- extrusive igneous rocks
- rocks formed from molten lava that hardens on the earth's surface
- isotope
- atom of an element that has the same atomic number but different atomic mass than another atom of that element
- refraction
- bending of a light ray as it passes from one substance to another
- hydrocarbon
- compound made up of carbon and hydrogen
- intrusive igneous rock
- rocks formed from the cooling of magma beneath the earth's surface
- covalent bond
- bond based on the attraction between atoms that share electrons
- conglomorate
- sedimentary rock composed of rounded gravel or pebbles cemented together by minerals
- gas
- physical form of matter that does not have a definate shape or volume
- inorganic
- not made up of living organisms or the remains of living organisms
- fluorescence
- ability to grow under ultraviolet light
- physical property
- characteristic that is observable in a substance without changing the chemical compisition of a substance
- fossil
- trace or remains of a plant or an animal in sedimentary rock
- covalent compound
- compund formed from atoms that share electrons
- seafloor spreading
- when the ocean floor moves away from the ridge and is replaced by rsing magma that cools and solidified into new rock
- island arc
- chain of volcanic islands formed along an ocean trench
- petrochemical
- chemical deprived from petrolium
- solution
- mixture in which one substance is uniformly dispersed is another substance
- porphyritic
- describing an igneous rock composed of both large and small crystals
- carbonization
- process in which plant materials are changed into carbon
- bituminous coal
- soft coal
- nonsilicate mineral
- mineral that does not contain silicon
- metamorphism
- changing of one type of rock to another by heat, pressure, and chemical processes
- placer deposit
- fragments of native metals that are concentrated in layers at the bottom of a stream bed
- mineral
- natural inorganic, crytalline solid found in the earth's crust
- silicon-oxygen tetrahedon
- four oxygen atoms arranged in a pyramid with one silicon atom in the center
- foliated
- describing a metamorphic rock with parallel bands
- rift valley
- steep, narrow, valley formed as lithosphere plates,seperate
- convection current
- movemt in a fluid caused by uneven heating
- periodic table
- system for classifying the elements
- crystal
- natural soild substance that has a definate internal pattern
- mid-ocean ridges
- system of undersea mountain ranges that wind their way around earth
- chemical property
- characteristic that describes how a substance interacts with other subsatnces to produce different kinds of matter
- chemical sedimentary rock
- rock formed from minerals that precipitate from water
- luster
- light reflected from the surface of a mineral
- nonrenewable resource
- substance of limited supply that cannot be replaced
- lave plateau
- raised, flat-topped area made of layers of hardened lava
- ionic compound
- compund formed throught the transfer of electron
- alloy
- solid solution of two or more metals
- atomic number
- number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
- vein
- narrow band of mineral deposits in rock
- mass number
- sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons
- lithosphere
- thin outer shell of the earth consisting of the crust and the rigid upper mantle
- batholith
- intrusive formations with at least a surface exposure of 100 square kilometers and reaching a depth of thousands of meters
- sedimentary rock
- rock formed from hardened deposits of sediment
- neutron
- subatomic particle with no electrical charge
- silicate mineral
- mineral that contains atoms of silicon and oxygen
- clastic sedimentary rock
- rock made up of fragments from pre-existing rocks
- density
- ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume
- contact metamorphisim
- change in the structure and mineral composition of rock surrounding an igneous intrusion
- lode
- deposit formed by thick mineral veins
- lignite
- brown cola
- smog
- air pollution formed from a mixture of dust and chemicals
- breccia
- elastic sedimentary rock composed of angular fragements cemented together by minerals
- plate techtonics
- theory that the lithosphere is made up of plates that float on the athenosphere and that the plates posible are moved by convection currents
- stratifacation
- layering of sedimentary rock
- chemical formula
- symbols indicating the elements a property contains and dthe relative number of each element
- dike
- igneous intrusion that cuts across rock layers
- proton
- subatomic particle with a positive electrical charge
- compaction
- process in which air and water are squeezed out of sediments, resulting in the formation of sedimentary rock
- fossil fuel
- fuel formed from the remains of living organisms, such as coal, petrolium, and natural gas
- cleavage
- splitting of a mineral along smooth flat surfaces
- continental crust
- material that makes up landmasses
- solar collector
- device for capturing solar energy
- organic sedimentary rock
- rock formed from the remains of organisms
- solid
- physical form of matter with a definate shape and volume
- molecule
- smallest complete unit of a compound
- transform boundry
- boundary formed where two lithospheric plates slide past each other
- mineralogist
- scientist who specializes in the study of minerals
- metamorphic rock
- rock formed from other rocks as a result of intense heat, pressure, or chemical processes
- sediment
- fragments that result from the breaking of rocks, minerals, and organic matter
- divergent boundry
- boundry formed by two lithospheric plates that are moving apart
- cementation
- process in which dissolved minerals left by water passing through sediments bind the sediments together
- Mohs hardness scale
- standard against which the hardness of a mineral is tested
- streak
- color of a mineral in powder form
- rock cycle
- series of processes in which rock changes from one type to another and back again
- hardness
- measure of the ability of a mineral to resist scratching
- nonfoliated
- describing a metamorphic rock without parallel bands
- asthenosphere
- zone of mantle beneath th elithosphere that consists of slowly flowing solid rock
- regional metamorphisim
- metamorphism that affects rocks over large areas during periods of tectonic activity
- liquid
- physical form of matter with a definate volume but no definate shape
- rock-forming mineral
- any common mineral that forms the earth's crust
- compound
- a substance that results when the atoms of two or more elements are chemically combined
- double refraction
- property exhibited by transparent minerals that produce a double image of any object viewed through them.
- anthracite
- hardest form of coal
- volcanic neck
- solidified central vent of a volcano
- matter
- substance that takes up space and has mass
- electron cloud
- region of space around the nucleus of an atom in which electrons may be found
- chemical bond
- force that holds togehter the atoms that make up a compound