Evolution
evolution for biology A
Terms
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- Directional Selection
- shift in allele frequency in a consistent direction (light colored moths to dark colored moths due to camouflage)
- DNA hybridization
- break the DNA strands, add a probe tagged with flourescent tag. this tag proves when it is bound to a specifc genome, like salmonella, if no salmonella is found, no tag will glow.
- Natural selection
- the fittest organsims survive and produce offspring
- species
- a group of organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring
- Variations
- mutation, crossing over, segregation and recombination
- population at equilibrium
- no mutation, no selection of mates, large pop, no competition ( no natural selection)
- Stabilizing Selection
- intermediate forms are favored and extreme forms are eliminated
- biochemical differences
- modern way of comparing species
- Darwins theory of natural selection
- over population results in competition and struggle for existance. Only the best fit individuals will survive and reproduce.
- Amino Acid sequence
- Compare sequence in a particular protein for similarities
- Fossil record
- older organisms are located depper in the earths crust
- Homologous structures
- structures that have different mature forms in different organisms but develop from the same embyotic tissues
- 2 main components of Lamarcks theory
- use disuse and inheritance of aquired characteristics
- Punctuated equilibrium
- Rapid sudden changes
- Speciation
- The process by which a new species evolves from a prior species, due to different enviorntment
- Comparative embryology
- The comparison of early stages of development
- Disruptive Selection
- both forms at extreme endfavors are favored, intermediate forms eliminated
- The hardy-weinberg law
- p= dominant allel. q= recessive allel. p+q= 1 .p2= homozygous dom. 2pq= heterozygous. q2= homozygous rec. p2+2pq+q2= 1
- Gradualism
- slow steady change of organisms overtime
- Analogous structures
- body structures that have evolved separately to perform the same function