FMHN 335 vocab
Terms
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- aggregate
- a group working toward the common goal, but generally lack the collective action; they don't work together
- social capital
- a connection and sharing of responsibility by doing for each other; isolated without it; concern it is diminished in our country b/c of decreased sense of community
- emotional communities
- communities that develop around a sense or a feeling of community
- total community
- an institution that provides for the needs of its members, thus eliminating outside contact
- outreach
- locate population-of-interest or populations-at-risk and provides information about the nature of the concern, what can be done about it, and how services can be obtained
- accees care, professional judgement, care that is ordered, informed consent, refuse treatment, medical confidentiality
- the "rights" to health care
- advocacy
- pleads someone's cause or acts on someone's behalf, with a focus on developing the community, system, individual, or family's capacity to plead their own cause or act on their own behalf.
- cross-section studies
- study that determines the presence or absense of hypothetical causative factors and diseases at a single point in time for each member of a study population .
- specific purpose of community assessment
- determin health status/needs; develop programming; provide understanding of the problem (magnitude & factors); increase awareness of policymakers
- concepts of health
- intergrity of the physical environment, humaneness of social relations, availability of resources, equitable distribution of health risks, attainable employment & education; culture, heritage, diversity tolerance; empowerment & hope
- validity
- able to distinguish those who have disease from those who do not.
- provide essential services, respond to emergencies, administer QA programs, seek care for underserved
- assurance of public health
- exposure potential
- likelihood that one will be exposed to contributing factors
- Lina Rogers
- the first school nurse, aimed to keep kids in school. she had to prove she could make a difference
- competencies of a healthy community
- commitment of member, self-other awareness, articulateness, affective communication, conflict containment/accommodation; participation; management of relations with larger society; machinery for participatnt interaction and decision making
- lifestyle, genetics, environment, health care system
- determinants of health
- population model, upstream thinking, social justice, CDM, promotion/protection/prevention
- themes of health promotion for the community client
- community diagnosis
- conclusions about the health status, structure, and functioning of communities or populations for the purpose of improving health. These dx: made with members of the community, made in collaboration with members of other disciplines, and provide direction for interventions toward the achievment of positive outcomes
- territorial and relational bonds
- different types of communities
- group orientation, bond, interaction
- critical attributes that define communities
- Vision of Wisconsin's Public Health System Transformation 2010
- all residents reach their highest potential; communities support the physical, emotional, mental, spiritual, and cultural needs of all people; and people work together to create healthy, sustainable physical and social environments for their own benefit and that of future generations.
- sensitivity
- a measure of who has the disease
- increase years and quality of healthy life, eliminate health disparities
- goals of healthy people 2010
- general purpose of community assessment
- raise the level of awareness and promote health; effect change and set priorities, and predict behavior
- reliability
- the repeatability of a test to give consistent results
- risk factors
- those things that contribute to probability, contributing factors
- social justice
- all people are entitled to basic necessities such as adequate income and health protection and accepts collective burdens to make such possible
- assessment, policy development, assurance
- role of the community health nurse
- infectious diseas, poverty, environmental issues, mental illness, behavioral health, violence
- major shifts in population health of developing nations
- substance use/abuse, mental health and behavioral health conditions, abuse (physical, sexual, emotional, neglect), learning disorders/disability, average physical problems, chronic disorders.
- health problems of the aggregate associated with correctional health. can be problems of the individual, family, genetics, and parenting
- personal health, environmental health, community concerns, data collection
- assessment of community health needs
- experimental studies
- study in which subjects are randomly assigned to each experimental condition and the conditions of the study are under the control of the investigator (randomized, or controlled trial)
- health protection
- strategies related to environment or regulatory measures that confer protection on large population groups
- environment
- the accumulation of conditions that influence community
- analytic epidemiologic studies
- experimental approach; observational approach: cross-sectional (prevalence), case-control(retrospective), cohort (prospective), historical cohort
- breadth of purpose, size of population, time aavailable, expertise of those assessing, perceived cost/benefit, political environment
- factors affecting scope of assessment
- health promotion, health protection, and illness or disease prevention
- healthy people 2010 strategies
- epidemiology
- the distribution ad determinants of helath, disease, and injuries in human populations. a "comparitive" discipline. focus on populations in hopes of allowing generalizability and statistical inference
- surveillance
- describes and monitors health events through ongoing and systemic collection, analysis, and interpretations of health data for the purpose of planning, implementing, and evaluating public health interventions
- case management
- optimizes self-care capabilities of individuals and families and the capacity of systems and communities to coordinate and provide services
- illness/disease prevention
- strategies related to interventions for individuals in clinical settings
- social capital, functions, competencies, rebuilding community
- characteristics of a healthy community
- epidemiological triad
- the epidemiologic method that considers the host, agent, and environment
- attributable risk
- proportion of a condition that can be attributed to an etiological factor; alternatively, the proportional decrease in the incidence of a condition if an entire population were no longer exposed to the suspected etiological agent
- functional communities
- communities that have a common belief by the people that community is whatever sense of the local common good citizens can be helped to achieve
- primary prevention
- health promotion and specific prevention
- investifation of disease etiology and determine the natural history of disease; identify the risk factors; identification of syndromes and classification of disease; causality and planning clinical treatment, serveillance of health status; community diagnosis and planning of services; evaluation of services
- uses of epidemiology in nursing
- health education, suicide prevention, communicable disease control, women's health care, alcohol and drug rehab, somatic therapy, psychosocial counceling, emergency care, environmental health
- nursing responsibilities in correctional settings
- culture, social, economic, physical
- environmental determinants of health
- tertiary prevention
- limitation of disability, rehabilitation, and prevention of recurrance
- census data, vital statistics, morbidity data
- different sources of epidemiology data
- specificity
- a measure of those who do not have the disease
- health promotion
- strategies related to individual lifestyle, personal choices made in a social context
- life-sustaining activities, security, education, community pride, community actualization
- Community's heirarchy of needs
- retrospective study
- study that begins with the identification of persons with the disease and a suitable comparison (control) group of persons without the disease, then compares the diseased and nondiseased with reguard to the frequency of exposure to study factor.
- develop policies, ensure feasibility, devise objectives and strategies, identify resources
- policy development of public health
- Dever's
- the epidemiologic model that incorporates human biology, health systems, environment, and lifestyle
- diffuse neighborhood
- a neighborhood that interacts infrequently; the primary tie between neighbors is geographic proximity. It lacks shared norms, values, and attitudes.
- global burden of disease (GBD)
- a new approach for measuring health status, this 5 year developmental effort included projections of disease and injury to 2020. Considers not only the number of deaths but also the impact of premature death and disability on a population.
- Lillian Wald
- a nursing pioneer who opened the Henry Street Settlement in 1893. she was a nurse and social worker, founder of public health nursing, worked with the poor of NYC
- felt, expressed, normative, comparative
- types of need
- upstream thinking
- population focused strategies; address economic, political, and environmental factors that are precursors to poor health; macroscopic approach; society as a locus for change
- relative risk ratio
- difference in the probability of 2 groups developing a given condition. the ratio of the incidence rate (or the cumulative incidence) among the exposed to that of the unexposed. used in prospective/cohort studies
- screening
- identifies individuals with unrecognized health risk factors or asymptomatic disease conditions in populations
- matrix
- (health promotion, health protection, and illness/disease prevention) x (individual, family, and community/aggregate)
- intervention wheel
- integrates 3 distinct and equally important components: population-basis of all public health interventions; 3 levels of public health practice (community, systems, individual/family); PH interventions....surveillance, disease and health threat investigation, outreach, case-finding, referral and follow-up, case management, delegated functions, health teaching, counseling, consultation, collaboration, coalition building, community organizingm advocacy, social marketing, policy development and enforcement
- community health nursing
- synthesis of nursing practice and public health practice; provide care to individuals and families within the context of community, focus on the health of populations, and commitment to social justice, health promotion, health protection, disease prevention, and facilitate healing
- odds ratio
- estimate of relative risk; indicates level of increase risk associated with previous exposure. The ratio of odds of disease or odds of exposure. used in retrospective/control studies
- decrease in infectious disease, chronic disease, mental illness, behavioral health, violence
- major shifts in population health of industrialized nations
- organize information r/t client health status, id helath problems, direct intervention, epidemiologucal triad, wheel, dever's, web of causation
- different epidemiologic models
- collaborative
- commits two or more persons or organizations to achieving a common goal through enhancing the capacity of one or more of them to promote and protect health
- coalition building
- promotes and develops alliances among organizations or constituencies for a common purpose. it builds linkages, solves problems, and/or enhances local leadership to address health concerns
- secondary prevention
- early diagnosis and treatment
- structural communities
- communities that involve time and space relationships between people
- sociopolitical context
- social values + political ramifications of the community
- prospective study
- a study that begins with a group of people of disease who are identified as exposed or not exposed to factor hypothesized to cause the disease; subjects followed into future, and frequency of disease occurrence determined.
- functions of a healthy community
- production, distribution, consumption; socialization/education; social control; social participation; mutual support; utilization of space; means of livelihood; linkage with other systems
- causal relationships
- the causes of health problems
- case-finding
- locates individuals and families with identified risk factors and connects them to resources
- wheel
- the epidemiologic model that considers the host (genetic core), bio/social/physical environments
- historical cohort study
- a group of individuals known to have been exposed to a factor at a time in the past is compared with a group of individuals not exposed and their disease incidence or mortality is compared from the time of exposure to present.
- risk
- the probability that a given individual will develop a specific condition
- community
- a group that shares a common characterisitc, place, and interaction
- susceptibility
- one's ability to be affected by a condition's risk/contributing factors