Ch. 5 Set 1
Terms
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- polis
- a city-state that developed around a central fort
- tyrants
- rulers who seized power by force but who ruled with the people's support; later came to refer to rulers who excercise brutal and oppressive power
- popular government
- idea that people can and should rule themselves
- acropolis
- a hill or mountain that included a fort as well as temples and other public buildings
- main aspects of Greek culture
- religion did not emphasize high standards of personal morality; looked to religion to explain nature, explain the emotions that sometimes cause people to lose control, and to bring them certain benefits; did not expect religion to save them from sin; not concerned with the afterlife; afterlife was a gray, gloomy underworld ruled by Hades and was not viewed as a place of punishment or reward; used myths to explain the world; gave human characteristics to their gods who lived on Mount Olympus; gods spoke through priests at oracles; used the Olympic Games to please the gods; communication was oral because few could write
- 4 characteristics of a polis
- covered a small area of land; had a population of fewer than 10,000 people; the original fort was built on an acropolis; had an agora
- Homer
- a blind poet who, according to tradition, wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey
- agora
- a marketplace in a city-state
- hoplites
- heavily armed infrantry that carried long spears and fought in closely spaced rows
- Greek geography
- bordered by the Aegean, Ionian, and Mediterranean seas; long, uneven coastline; mountain ranges cut up the mainland and kept villages apart and allowed invaders to enter from the north; short rivers that did not aid in travel and trade between villages
- Mycenaeans
- conquered and took over central Crete
- Minoans
- civilization that developed on the island of Crete
- democracy
- government in which citizens take part