Com 110 2
Terms
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copy deck
- global plagiarism
- stealing a speech ENTIRELY from a SINGLE SOURCE and saying it's your own
- patchwork plagiarism
- stealing from 2 or 3 sources
- incremental plagiarism
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not giving credit for particular parts of the speech
- quotations (...historian Perry says the following..."quotation")
- paraphrases - Public Speaking vs. Conversation
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Public Speaking is:
1. more highly structured
2. requires more formal language
3. requires a different method of delivery - Dealing with nervousness/speech anxiety
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1. experience
2. preparation
3. think positively
4. visualize giving a good speech
5. know that nervousness is not visible
6. don't expect perfection
(deep breaths, eye contact, good intro, visual aids, etc.) - Being aware of cultural diversity
- words change from language to language, ways of thinking and seeing the world are different, different gestures might be offensive, etc.
- steps to take to adapt to listeners of diverse backgrounds
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1. avoid ethnocentrism
2. put yourself in your listener's shoes
3. visual aids (help with language barrier)
4. be alert to facial expressions or confusion
5. listen to other speeches with courtesy and attentiveness - Ethnocentrism
- belief that your own culture is superior to all others
- Ethical Speech Making
- issues of right and wrong (ex: Felicity running for school board. Her opponent is going to be indicted for shady purposes. Should she make it an issue???)
- Goals for Ethical speech making
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1. Make sure goals are ethically sound (Hitler)
2. Be fully prepared for each speech (analyze audience, visual aids, organize ideas, rehearsing, etc.)
3. Be honest
4. Avoid name calling ("fag" "nigger" "dike")
5. Put ethical principles into practice (not just in your speech!) - Types of Listening
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1. appreciative
2. empathic
3. comprehensive
4. critical - Appreciative Listening
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pleasure/enjoyment
- listening to music - Empathic Listening
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to provide emotional support for a speaker (empathy)
- psychiatrist to a patient, or friend in distress - Comprehensive Listening
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to understand the message of the speaker
- lecture, directions to a house - Critical Listening
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evaluate for rejecting or accepting a message
- campaign speech of a politician, jury in a trial - 4 Causes for Poor Listening
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1. Not concentrating
2. Listening too hard
3. Jumping to conclusions
4. Focusing on Delivery and Personal Appearance (the guy who couldn't focus bc he had an accent) - Topic Selection
- Brainstorming (clustering, personal inventory), reference search, internet search
- 3 General Purposes of Speeches
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1. INFORM
2. PERSUADE
3. ENTERTAIN - Specific Purpose Statement (SPS)
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1. write as a full infinitive phrase, not fragment
2. express your pupose as a statemnt, not as a question
3. avoid figurative language i your purpose statement
4. limit to one distince idea
5. make sure SP is not too vague
MEET THE ASSIGNMENT?
ACCOMPLISHABLE IN TIME ALLOTTED?
RELEVANT TO MY AUDIENCE?
TOO TRIVIAL?
TOO TECHNICAL? - Central Idea Statement (CIS)
- one sentence statement that sums up major ideas of speech
- The Linear Model
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no feedback
1 way instead of 2 way - The interactive model
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shows communication in discrete acts (stop, go)
doesn't look at the FLOW - 4 types of NOISE
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1. Physical
2. Physiological (body functions, headache)
3. Psychological (internal, stress, biases)
4. Symantic (word choice - offensive, confusing) - The Transactional Model
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communicators can SIMULTANEOUSLY send and receive messages
BEST defines communication as a content and relational message - Elements of Communication Competance
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1. knowledge
2. skills
3. competence
4. sensitivity
5. commitment - Outline of Speech
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1. foundation info
2. intro
3. body
4. connectives
5. conclusion
6. works cited - Speech Foundation
- topic, GP, SPS, CIS, organizational pattern (topical, spatial, chronological)
- Connectives
- Transitions, internal previews, internal summaries, signposts