Advance Interperson Communication
Terms
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- Listening
- type of communication engaged in the most
- 5 Stages of Listening
- Recieving, Understanding, Remembering, Evaluating, Responding
- Recieving
- recieve info, selective listening, register tinformation
- Understanding
- relate new info to already known things; the person speaking; ask for clarification/more details
- Remembering
- Subjective, memory inceares as # of exposures do, you forget 50% of info right afterwards
- Evaluating
- judging message and speakers intentions
- Responding
- Verbal and non-verbal feedback given
- Active listening
- making an effort to listen to speaker in various circumstances (when sad, upset, etc)
- Steps of active listening
- Paraphrase, Express understanding, ask questions
- Paraphrase
- speaker reiterates meaning, in their own words, their interpretation
- Express Understanding
- echo speakers feelings
- Ask Questions
- ensure own understanding and secure additional info.
- Communication Styles
- Nonassertiveness, Indirect Comm, Assertiveness, Passive Aggressive, Aggressiveness
- Nonassertiveness
- lack of assertiveness, fail to assert their rights, sometimes ask if they can do what is rightfully theirs, you win I lose philosophy, more concerned about others will being than their own
- Indirect Communication
- Convey message in an indirect, roundabout way, involves more initiative than nonassertiveness, very unclear, good if othe rparty is hostile,not very effective, MOST COMMON WAY WE MAKE REQUESTS
- Assertiveness
- act in our own best interest without infiringing on the rights of others, creates an enviornment where both parties can get what they need, i win you win philosophy, allows others to be assertive, assertive people are open; nonanxious usually and willing to stand and argue, not easily intimidated or persuaded
- Passive Aggressiveness
- "back door" agression, can't or won't be directly aggressive, obscure expression of hostility, subtle, making people feel guilty; sarcasm; and withholding from others are examples, can come from nonassertiveness
- Agressiveness (direct)
- can be situational or general, intentional, think little of other people and a lot about self, don't like to be criticized but criticizes others, frequent conflicts, very attached to being right
- Communication Climate
- the emotional tone of the relationship; how much we value and respect the other party, EVERY INDIVIDUAL CONTRIBUTES TO CLIMATE
- Messages
- tone of message affects climate
- Tones of Messages
- Confirming, Rejection/Disagreement, Disconfirming
- Confirming (positive spiral)
- recognition, acknowledgement, endorsement (agree)
- Disconfirming (negative spiral)
- ignoring, interruptions, attacking, impersonal response
- Rejection/Disagreement (middle, uncertain, partial negative)
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Argumentation,
Complaining, Agressiveness - Argumentation
- present and defend stance on an issue while attacking others IDEAS
- Complaining
- lack of arguement but still want to voice opinion (peoples behavior, others personal characteristics, etc)
- Aggressiveness
- tendency to attack the self concept of others to inflict psycological pain, yelling, linked to physical violence, sarcasm,
- Nonverbal Communication
- those messages expressed by other than linguistic means, and messages expressed by vocal means that dont incolve language
- Types of Nonverbal Communication
- Enviornmental cues, proxemics, kinesics, haptics, appearance, paralanguage/linguistics
- Enviornmental Cues
- enviornment speaks to overall communication process, enviornment suggests how to behave or feel
- Proxemics
- Use of space in communication process
- Intimate distance
- touch to 18 inches; people be like and care about, doctors, dentist, etc
- Personal Distance
- 18 inches to 4 feet, friends, classmates, parties, social
- Social Distance
- 4 feet to 12 feet, social roles, strangers, salespeople, business
- Public Distance
- 12 feet plus, one way communication
- Kinesics
- body movement and gestures; facial expressions, eye contact, hand movements, body orientation, posture
- Facial Expressions
- emotion, masking of emotions
- Eye contact
- women maintain more than men, men ae usually speaker
- Body Orientation
- Shoulder position indicates interest
- Posture
- indicates emotional state
- Haptics
- study of touch; US culure is no touch culture, touch decreases with age, children don't follow touch rules, touch is asociated with good health, female children are touched more than male children
- Appearance
- accessories, artifacts (things we own), clothing; TRUSTWORTHYNESS, SOCIAL POSITION, INCOME, LEVEL OF SUCCESS, EDUCATION, AND MORAL CHARACTER ARE ALL JUDGED BASED ON APPEARANCE AND HOW ONE DRESSES
- Paralanguage/Linguistics
- volume, pitch, rate, emphasis, silence, tone, articulation, laughter, sighs; ALL CHANGE MESSAGE