Communication Disorders
Terms
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- Hyperactivity
- A motor difficulty-more prevelant in boys-4X more.
- SLI
-
Specific Language Impairment,
seen primarlily in preschoolers - Characteristics of Autism
- Slightly more than 1/2 have IQs < 50. Ecolalic speech.
- TBI
- Traumatic Brain Injury-most common form of injury in children.
- Hyperlexia
- Early ability to read, but can't decode language or it's meaning. Low comprehension.
- Echolalia
- Repeating words or phrases
- Disinhibition
- Impulsive, acting out
- Hemiparesis
- Weakness on one side of the body.
- Wernicke's aphasia
- Fluent or hyperfluent speech, poor auditory or visual comprehension.
- Aphasia
- No language, sudden onset. More in adults (stroke).
- Anomia
- Difficulty naming objects
- Global Aphasia
- Profound; effects reading, writing, language.
- Spontaneous Recovery
- Happens on its own, 1st few weeks after injury, w/o intervention.
- Cerebral arteriosclerosis
- Thickening of walls of the cerbral arteries
- Arteriovenous malformation
- Tangled arteries & veins in the brain.
- Embolism
- Obstruction of blood flow caused by blood clot.
- Thrombosis
- Caused by plaque build-up at that site.
- Aneurysm
- Bulge, may rupture, causing hemmorhage.
- Alzheimer's Disease
- Affect memory
-
T or F
Communication disorders are secondary to survival, physical components. - T
- Characteristics of Mental Retardation
-
1.Substantial limitation in present functioning
2.Significantly sub-avg. intellectual functioning.
3.Concurrent related limitations in 2+ adaptive skills.
4.Manifestation before age 18 - Secondary behaviors of stuttering
-
Are learned behaviors:
Eye blinking, facial grimacing, facial tension, exaggerated movements of the head. - Types of stuttered utterances
-
Involuntary repetition of sounds & words:
Prolongations, blocks, broken words. - Indirect stuttering therapy
- For children just beginning to stutter, and is mild. Manipulation of the environment to reduce stress.
- Psychoneurotic disturbances
- People who stutter do NOT exhibit these, but have mile forms of social maladjustment.
- Normal speech disfluencies
- We have them all our lives.
- Stuttering therapy most effective with
- preschool children
- Gentle voicing onset
- Requires iniation, gradual start of voice, /h/ sound.
- Adult voice is acheived at age
- 18
- % of adult population with voice disorders
- 3-9%
- Localized growths on the vocal folds resulting from frequent, hard vocal fold collisions-misuse/abuse
- Vocal nodules
- Two different vocal fundamental frequencies
- Diplophonia
- Otolaryngologic evaluation is given when?
- Before voice therapy is initiated.
- Associated with psychological or stress conditions
- Conversion aphonia
- A person's average pitch
- Habitual pitch
- Subglottic pressure determines
- vocal intensity, loudness
- Phonemes are
- speech sounds
- Consonant phonemes are characterized by
-
Place
Manner
Voicing -
T or F
Functional articulation disorder has no known cause - T
- Speech problems due to neuromuscular impairment; caused by stroke, cerebral palsy, results in weakness of the speech mechanism.
- Dysarthrias
- Shaping of speech sound by using the lips, tongue, teeth, etc.
- Articulation
- Seperation of the muscle under the soft palate
- Submucous cleft
- Highest incidence of clefting is in
- Native Americans
- VPI
-
Velopharyngeal Incompetence
mechanism is incapable of separating the oral & nasal cavities during swallowing & speech production. - Hypotonia
- Low tone
- Hypertonia
- Too much tone
- Apraxia
- Motor planning issues
-
Causes of cerebral palsy
Is it progressive? -
Anoxia
Brain hemmorage
No - Condition most assoc. with swallowing in children
- Down's Syndrome
- The 'gold standard' in dysphagia diagnosis
- Modified barium swallow studies; videoflouroscopy
- NPO
- No food by mouth
- Phases of swallowing
-
Anticipatory
Oral
Pharyngeal
Esophageal - Formed in the mouth & swallowed; a 'package' of food/drink
- Bolus
- Goes into the lungs, causes pneumonia
- Aspiration
- 4 conditions assoc. with pediatric dysphagia
-
Cerebral palsy
PDD/Autism
Down's Syndrome
Spina bifida - 4 conditions assoc. with adult dysphagia
-
Stroke
M.S.
Parkinson's
HIV/AIDS - Objectives of swallowing therapy
-
Improve intake of food & drink.
Prevent aspiration into the lungs.