biology communication hsc
Terms
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- What is the electromagnetic spectrum?
- A range of waves of different wavelengths. Includes gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet, visible light, infra-red and microwaves.
- Identify the limited range of wavelengths detected by humans
- 380 - 750nm
- What is refraction?
- The bending of light as it passes between two mediums of differing density
- Where does refraction occur in the eye?
- In the cornea, aqueous and vitreous humour and the lens.
- What is accommodation?
- When the shape of the lens is changed to focus.
- What is Myopia?
- Myopia is short-sightedness. The image is focused in front of the lens. Close objects can be seen clearly while distant objects are blurred.
- What is Hyperopia?
- Hyperopia is long sightedness. The image is focused behind the retina. Distant objects can be seen clearly while close objects are blurry.
- What technologies are available to correct Myopia and Hyperopia?
- Glasses and contact lenses can be used. Refractive surgery can be done, where a laser is used to reshape the cornea so that the light is refracted at the correct angle.
- What is colour blindness and what is the cause of this condition?
- colour blindness is when one or more of the colour detecting cones are damged or missing. It is a sex linked disease carried on the x chromosome and more common in boys that girls.
- Why is sound a useful and versatile form of communication?
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- sound travels well in air and water
- the sender doesn't have to be visable to the reciever
-it is useful in the dark
-can go around objects
-can travel over long distances
-a wide variety of sounds can be produced - What is a stimulus?
- a change in the environment detected by a receptor
- What are receptors?
- Part of the nervous system that detect a stimulus
- What are effectors?
- Muscles or glands that are capable of producing responses to stimuli
- What is the conjunctiva and what is its function?
- A mucous membrane that covers the eye. It protects the eye and keeps it moist.
- identify the structure and function of the Cornea
- It is the transparent front part of the eye that refracts light entering the eyeball.
- What is the structure and function on the Sclera?
- It is the tough white outer coating of the eye. Protects the eye.
- What is the iris?
- It is the pigmented tissue that contains two sets of muscles to control the size of the pupil and the amount of light entering the eye
- What does the lens do?
- The lens is a transparent protien disk that focuses light onto the retina.
- What is the ciliary body?
- It contains the ciliary muscles and suspensory ligaments that hold the lens in position. It connects the choriod with the lens. Alters the shape of the lens.
- What is the choroid?
- A dark pigmented layer inside the sclera containing many blood vessels. Absorbs and prevents light from scattering.
- What is the structure and function of the Retina?
- It is the inner layer of the eye, contains photoreceptor cells FOVEA and BLIND SPOT. changes light into nerve impulses.
- What is the optic nerve?
- the nerve which connects the eye to the brain. It carries information from the eye to the brain.
- List the parts of the ear involved in hearing
- Pinna, Tympanic Membrane, Ear ossicles, Oval window, Round Window, Cochlea, Organ of Corti, Auditory nerve.
- Name two types of photoreceptor cells found in the human eye
- Rods and Cones
- What are ossicles?
- small bones in the middle ear.