Methods of Therapy
Vocab on the history of therapy, types of psychotherapy, and biomedical therapies
Terms
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- Psychotherapy
- verbal form of therapy derived from a psychological framework that consists of one or more treatment sessions with a therapist
- Focus of cognitive therapy
- identify and correct faulty thinking styles
- Behavior therapy
- form of therapy that involves the systematic application of the principles of learning
- Prolixin side effects
- blurred vision, dry mouth, restlessness, muscle rigidity, drowsiness, movement disorders
- Zyban side effects
- dry mouth, insomnia, nausea, headaches, tremors, constipation
- Meta-analysis
- statistical technique for averaging results across a large number of studies
- Aversive conditioning
- form of behavior therapy in which stimuli associated with undesirable behavior are pired with aversive stimuli to create a negative response to the stimuli
- Counselors
- marriage/family, pastoral, and abuse counselors
- Client-centered therapy
- a major form of humanistic therapy: empathy, genuiness, and unconditional positive regard
- Focus of cognitive-behavioral therapy
- changing maladaptive cognitions and overt behaviors
- Elavil use
- depression, bulimia, panic disorder
- Zoloft side effects
- nausea, anxiety, diarrhea, insomnia, sweatng, dry mouth, dizziness, drowsiness
- Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors
- class of antidepressant drugs that increase the availability of neurotransmitters in the brain by inhibiting an enzyme, mnoamine oxidase, that breaks down or degrades them in the synapse
- Virtual reality therapy
- form of behavior therapy in which virtual reality is used to simulate real-world environments that can be used as therapeutic tools
- Cognitive-behavioral therapy
- form of therapy that combines behavioral and cognitive treatment techniques
- Transference relationship
- In therapy, tendency of clients to reenact earlier conflicted relationships in the relationship they develop with their therapists
- Albert Ellis
- early psychoanalyst, developed REBT
- Valium side effects
- drowsiness, fatigue, nausea, impaired coordination
- Focus of behavior therapy
- changes problem behavior
- Focus of classical psychoanalysis
- insight into unconscious causes of behavior
- Focus of modern psychodynamic approaches
- insight-oriented, focuses on ego functioning and current relationships
- Zyban use
- depression, nicotine dependence
- Psychiatric nurses
- work in psychiatric facility or group medical practice
- Eclectic therapy
- therapeutic approach that draws upon principles and techniques representing different schools of therapy
- State hospital system
- large state institutions with little more than custodial care; 'human snakepits'
- Resistance
- In psychoanalysis, the blocking that occurs when therapy touches upon anxiety-evoking thoughts or feelings
- Eskalith use
- manic episodes and mood swing stability
- Nardil use
- depression
- Psychoanalysts
- psychiatrists/psychologists with extensive psychoanalysis training
- Counseling psychologists
- counsel people with milder problems than clinical psychologists
- Antidepressants
- drugs that combat depression by affecting the levels of activity of neurotransmitters in the brain
- Aaron Beck
- trained psychoanalyst, healed himself directly of two phobias
- Psychosurgery
- brain surgery used to control violent or deviant behavior
- Moral therapy
- philosophy of treatment that emphasized treating mentally ill people with compassion and understanding, rather than shackling them in chains
- Nardil side effects
- dizziness, headache, agitation, anxiety, fatigue, sleep disturbance
- Placebo effect
- positive outcomes of an experiment resulting from participants' expectations about the effects of a treatment rather than from the experimental treatment itself
- Psychoanalysts
- practitioners of psychoanalysis who are schooled in the Freudian tradition
- Free association
- technique in psychoanalysis in which the client is encouraged to say anything that comes to mind
- Fear hierarchy
- ordered series of increasingly fearful objects or situations
- Clinical psychologists
- psychologists with a Ph. D. and expertise in research, assessment, and therapy
- Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
- class of antidepressant drugs that work specifically on increasing availability of the neurotransmitter serotonin by interfering with its reuptake
- Psychotropic drugs
- psychiatric drugs used in the treatment of psychological or mental disorders
- Prefrontal lobotomy
- surgical procedure in which neural pathways in the brain are severed in order to control violent or aggressive behavior
- Cognitive therapy
- developed by Aaron Beck, a form of therapy based on a collaborative effort between clients and therapists that helps clients recognize and correct distorted patterns of thinking believed to underlie their emotional problems
- Zyprexa side effects
- low blood pressure, dizziness, fatigue, drowsiness, heart palpitations, constipation, weight gain
- Vision for the future
- improve treatment access, reduce barriers, improve care quality, increase minority representatives, and promote mental health
- Focus of humanistic gestalt therapy
- develops unified sense of self and awareness of feelings and conflicts
- Clinical or psychiatric social workers
- offer psychotherapy, mostly with personal/family problems
- Nonspecific factors
- general features of psychotherapy, such as attention from a therapist and mobilization of positive expectancies or hope
- Modeling
- behavior therapy technique for overcoming phobias and acquiring more adaptive behaviors based on observing and imitating models
- Token economy
- tokens as rewards to reinforce good behavior to be exchanged for more tangible reinforcements like extra privileges
- Mary Cover Jones
- cured phobias
- Psychoanalysis
- Freud's method of psychotherapy; it focuses on uncovering and working through the unconscious conflicts he believed were at the root of psychologicl problems
- Eskalith side effects
- tremors, thirst, lack of coordination, weakness, diarrhea, drowsiness
- Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
- form of therapy for severe depression that involves the administration of an electrical shock to the head
- Modern state hospitals
- downsized treatment facilities with more humane care; 'revolving doors' for chronic patients
- Focus of rational-emotive behavior therapy
- replace irrational beliefs with logical alternatives
- Therapeutic alliance
- client's attachment to therapist and therapy
- Focus of humanistic client-centered therapy
- promotes self-growth and self-awareness and acceptance of inner feelings
- Disparities in mental health care
- racial/ethnic minorities have less access to mental health care and the quality of care is lower as well
- Gestalt therapy
- direct, confrontational humanistic therapy to reveal underlying feelings: roleplay
- Antipsychotics
- drugs used in the treatment of psychotic disorders that help alleviate hallucinations and delusional thinking
- Empirically supported treatments
- treatments recently proven effective through studies
- Methylphenidate
- improves attention spans
- Antianxiety drugs
- drugs that curb anxiety
- Ritalin side effects
- nervousness, insomnia, nausea, headaches, dizziness, heart palpitations, temporary growth retardation
- Insight
- Freud's theory, awareness of underlying unconscious wishes and conflicts
- Tricyclics
- class of antidepressant drugs that increase the availability of neurotransmitters in the brain by interfering with the reuptake of these chemicals by transmitting neurons
- Prolixin use
- schizophrenia/psychotic disorders
- Countertransference
- tendency for therapists to relate to clients in ways that mirror their relationships with important figures in their own lives
- Elavil side effects
- confusion, dry mouth, skin rash, heart irregularities, and blood pressure changes
- Gradual exposure
- behavior therapy technique for treating phobias based on direct exposure to a series of increasingly fearful stimuli
- Dream analysis
- technique in psychoanalysis in which the therapist attempts to analyze the underlying or symbolic meaning of the client's dreams
- Valium use
- anxiety/insomnia
- Zyprexa use
- schizophrenia/psychotic disorders
- Psychiatrists
- specialize in the treatment of psychological disorders
- Family therapy
- theray for troubled families that focuses on changing disruptive patterns of communication and improving the ways in which family members relate to each other
- Zoloft use
- depression, bulimia, panic disorder, OCD, posttraumatic stress disorder
- Group therapy
- form of therapy in which clients are treated within a group format
- Community mental health centers
- comprehensive treatment facilities in the community that offer alternatives to hospitalization
- Rational emotive behavior therapy
- developed by Albert Ellis, a form of psychotherapy based on identifying and correcting irrational beliefs that are believed to underlie emotional and behavioral difficulties
- Deinstitutionalization
- policy of reducing the population of mental hospitals by shifting care from inpatient facilities to community-based outpatient facilities
- Couple therapy
- therapy that focuses on helping distressed couples resolve their conflicts and develop more effective communication skills
- Causes of disparities
- likely to lack health insurance, lack similaritis with care providers, lingering stigma discourages, and fed providers are in rural areas
- Reality testing
- a test of negative beliefs to prove/disprove validity
- Ritalin use
- childhod hyperactivity
- Lithium
- metallic element; stabilizes mood swings
- Tardive dyskinesia (TD)
- potentially disabling motor disorder that may occur following regular use of antipsychotic drugs
- Interpretation
- in psychoanalysis, the attempt by the therapist to explain the connections between the material the client discloses in therapy and his or her unconscious conflicts
- Systematic desensitization
- behavior therapy technique for treating phobias through the pairing of exposure in imagination to fear-inducing stimuli and states of deep relaxation
- Jean-Baptiste Pussin
- first to unchain mental patients from 'hospitals'