Skin/Hair/Nails Health Assessment
Terms
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- paronychium
- skin tissue adjacent to the fingernail
- lunula
- white crescent shaped area at base of nail, represents new growth
- eccrine sweat glands
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regulate body temperature by water secretion through the skin surface
most numerous and widespread sweat glands
present in greatest numbers on palms, soles of feet and forehead. - apocrine sweat glands
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found only in axillae, nipples, areolae, anogenital area, eyelids and external ears.
secrete odorless fluid in response to stimuli. decomposition of fluid results in sweat smell. - sebum
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lipid rich substance secreted by sebaceous glands, keeps the skin and hair from drying out.
mostly on face and scalp but found everywhere on body except palms and soles of feet - pruritis
- itching of the skin
- xerosis
- excessively dry skin
- sebhorrea
- excessively oily skin
- cyanosis
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light skin: grayish/blue tone especially in nail beds, earlobes, lips, mucous membranes, palms and soles of feet
dark skin: ashen-gray color, most easily seen in conjunctiva, oral mucous membranes and nail beds - ecchymosis
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bruise
light skin: dk. red, purple, yellow or green color, depending on age of bruise
dark skin: deeper bluish or black tone, hard to see unless in area of light pigmentation - erythema
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light skin: reddish tone with evidence of increased skin temp. secondary to inflammation
dk. skin: deeper brown or purple skin tone with evidence of increased skin temp secondary to inflammation - jaundice
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light skin: yellowish color of skin, sclera of eyes, fingernails, palms of hands, and oral mucosa
dark skin: yellowish green color most obviously seen in sclera of eyes, palms of hands and soles of feet - pallor
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light skin: pale skin color that may appear white
dark skin: skin tone appears lighter than normal. specifically evident is a loss of the underlying healthy red tones of the skin - petechiae
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light skin: lesions appear as small, reddish purple pinpoints
dark skin: hard to see, may be evident in the buccal mucosa of mouth or sclera of eye - rash
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light skin: may be visualized as well as felt with light palpation
dark skin: not easily visualized but may be felt with light palpation - scar
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light skin: narrow scar line
dark skin: frequently has keloid development, resulting in a thickened raised scar - coining
- practiced by cambodians and vietnamese, body is rubbed vigorously with a coin while exerting pressure until red marks appear over bony prominence of rib cage on back and chest. often mistaken for abuse.
- cupping
- treatment for arthritis, stomach aches, bruises and paralysis. heated cup placed on skin suctions skin and leaves red mark behind. Practiced by latin american and russian cultures.
- Early Signs of Melanoma
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A-assymetry (not round or oval)
B-border poorly defined, irreg.
C-color (uneven, variegated)
D-Diameter (greater than 6mm)
E-Elevation (recent change from flat to raised)
F-Feeling (itching,tingling, or stinging w/ the lesion) - nevi
- moles. Normal in adults, most have 10-40.
- freckles
- small, flat, hyperpigmented macules anywhere on the body.
- patch
- area of darker skin pigmentation that is usually brown or tan in color, typically present at birth. Some fade but many do not change.
- Striae
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silver or pink stretch marks secondary to weight gain and/or pregnancy
secondary skin lesion - maceration
- occurs when skin is consistently wet. The skin softens, turns white, and can easily get infected with bacteria or fungi
- diaphoresis
- excessive sweating
- turgor
- the skin's degree of resistance to deformation and is determined by various factors, such as the amount of fluids in the body (hydration) and age
- edema
- fluid retention