Microbiology-LaSalle
Terms
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- Zach Jansen
- 1st microscope
- Robert Hooke
- "Man who knew everything". Improved microscope. Published Micrographia. Denounced by king. Used cork and fleas during experiments. Empty boxes=cells
- Antwon van Leeuwenhoek
- "Animalcules" Teeth=gutter water.
- John Needham
- Spontaneous gen. Straw and soil broth. Broth + Sealing + Days= Life
- Lazzaro Spallanzani
- Disproved Needham's theory b/c of forced air. Heated broth.
- Rudolph Virchow
- Cells begat cells. Set stage for life from life.
- Louis Pasteur
- Confirmed Spallazani. Aeseptic technique.
- John Tyndall
- Heat kills microbes. Tyndalization:Repeated heating.
- Joe Lister
- Handwashing, sterilization in O.R area. Ignaz Semmelweis
- Robert Koch
- Koch's postulates: same pathogen>isolate pathogen>meet healthy host>isolate new host>causitive agent?
- Ed Jenner
- Vaccination. Basis of virulence theory. Small Pox/Cow Pox
- Paul Ehrlich
- Cure for syphillis. Salvarsan
- Alexander Flemming
- Antimicrobial agents. Noticed effects of penicilin on mold. "scale up"
- Francisco Redi
-
Spontaneous generation. Rotting meat experiment.
sealed=no maggots
unsealed=maggots - abiogenesis
- living from non-living
- spontaneous generation
- abiogenesis synonym
- biogenesis
- living from living
- resolution
- the ability of the lenses to distinguish 2 points
- refractive index
- light bending ability of a medium.
- instruments of microscopy
- brightfield illumination, darkfield illumination, phase contrast, fluorescence microscopy,electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy
- brightfield illumination
- dark objects are visible against bright background
- darkfield illumination
- light objects are visible against a dark background
- phase contrast
- accentuates diffracted light from a specimen
- fluorescence microscopy
- uv light;cells may be stained w/ fluorescent dyes
- electron microscopy
-
electrons replace light. shorter wavelegnths give greater resolution
*important w/ viruses - transmission electron microscopy
- details of cell insides
- scanning electron microscopy
- 3D picture inside cell
- types of stains
- simple, differential and special
- simple stains
- uses a single, basic dye
- differential stains
-
colors different types of cells distinctively. distinguishes bacterial types
.i.e., gram & acid fast stains - special stains
-
specifies cell structures
Endospores & Flagella - prokaryotic cells
- non-human, "pre-nucleus"
- eukaryotic cells
-
human. have histones, paired chromosomes, organelles,mitotic spindle,polysaccharide
"true nucleus" - cell shapes
- cocci,spirochete, bacilli, vibrio,
- cocci
- round
- spirochete
- corkscrews
- vibrios
- commas
- unusual cell shapes
- stars, squares
- pleomorphic
- varying shapes
- monomorphic
- having only one form
- cell arrangements
- diplo, staph, strepto, tetrad
- diplo
- pairs
- staph
- clusters
- strepto
- chains
- two types of genes
- inducable and repressable
- repressable genes
-
are always off until need to be turned on
ex: turkey;triptifan digestion - inducable genes
-
are alway on until need to be turned off
ex: eating ice cream ;lactose digestion - cilia
- is for attachment
- plasma membrane
- lipid bi-layer, gives structure ad allows entrance to cell
- Svedberg units
- unit "S" means Svedberg units, a measure of the rate of sedimentation of a particle in a centrifuge
- Okazaki fragment
- a relatively short fragment of DNA
- Poly(A) tails
- A string of adenine nucleotides added to the 3' end of eukaryotic mRNA after transcription.
- mRNA
- one gene, one msg
- monosystronic
- one msg
- polysystronic
- many msgs
- introns
- dead space
- exons
- edited pieces in final RNA
- codon
- A sequence of three nucleotides on a strand of m-RNA that codes for an amino acid