chapter 3 sensation and perception
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- Theory that different cones are sensitive to particular colors in the retina (blue, red, green)
- trichromatic theory
- theory that 3 kinds of cells respond by increasing or decreasing their rate of firing when different colors are present
- opponent process theory
- light-sensitive receptor cells in the retina that look like slender cylinders and allos the eye to respond to as few as 5 photons of light
- rods
- light-sensitive receptor cells in the retina that enable humans to see color and fine detail in adequate light but do not function in very dim ligth
- cones
- visual depth cues that depends on both eyes and one eye
- monocular and binocular depth cues
- using a part to get to the whole
- bottom-up processing
- using the whole, or previous knowledge, to get to its parts
- top down processing
- number of cycles, completed by a sound wave in 1 second. it determines pitch, measured in Hertz
- frequency
- determines loudness and measured in decibel
- amplitude
- determines distinctive qualities of a sound
- timbre
- theory that each individual pitch a person hears is determined by the spot that vibrates the most
- place theory
- theory that hair cells vibrate the same number of times. pitch is determined by how many times hair cells move back and forth at 1000 Hz, hair cells can't vibrate with pitch greater than 1000 Hz
- frequency theory
- 2, one-square inch patches of tissue. Contains 10 million olfactory neurons, which are the receptor smells for smell.
- olfactory epithelium
- 2 brain structures the size of matchsticks where smell sensations first register in the brain.
- olfactory bulbs
- basic tastes
- sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami
- pathway of smell
- olfactory epithelium olfactory bulbs thalamus orbitofrontal cortex
- the orbitofrontal cortex controls what senses?
- taste and smell
- theory that an area in the spinal cord acts as a gate and either blocks pain messages or transmits them to the brain
- gate control theory
- sense that detects movement and provides info about the body's orientation in space
- vestibular sense
- 3 fluid-filled tubular canals in the ear(inner) that sense the rotation of the head. movement is triggers hair cells and senses balance.
- semi-circular canals.