biology test
Terms
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- ATP, NAD, and NADP
- are forms of chemican energy that are formed from chemical energy of other molecules or light energy from the sun.
- chomatids are replicates of a chromosome which will seperate from each other during equational division
- true
- the orderly sequence of the phases of mitosis is prophase, interphase,metapahse,anaphase, and telophase
- True
- Oxidation- Reduction reaction
- oxidation occurs via the gain of oxygen or the loss of hydrogen
- catabolism
- broken down/oxidized to carbon dioxide, water and ATP
- cell cycle has a built in molecular brake in _______ stage, which has some control over cancer.
- G-1
- the end product of glycolysis is ____ , whereas the first produced in the Kreb's cycle is ______?
- pyruvate, citrate
- anabolism
- built into lipids, proteins, and glycogen using energy from ATP
- Metabolism
- all chemical reactions necessary to maintain life
- digestion
- breakdown of food to nutrients that are transported to tissues
- which plants _____ have thier stomata open at night and closed by day?
- CAM plants
- all of the pigments in the plant cell absorb/use the same wavelength of light?
- True
- glycolysis...?
- occurs in the cytoplasm
- the carbon dioxide acceptor in the calvin-benson cycle/dark reaction is _____.
- ribulose bisphosphate
- the oxygen in our atmosphere is a product of photosysnthesis , while most of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere is a prodeuct of aerobic respiration of carbon foodstuffs.
- true
- the spindle fibers attach to the chromatids at the centromeres and pull them apart during telophase of mitosis.
- false
- in a C-4 plant carbon dioxide is first used to form ____ and then used to form a second compound_____ in the calvin/benson cycle._
- oxaloacetic/malate, PGA
- stomata on leaves open and close in relation to ____ conditions while the ___ functions to stop____ loss.
- water,waxy coating on leaves,water
- what must occur befroe aerobic respiration occurs
- glycolysis
- the nuclear membrane and nuclolus disappear during_____ and reappear during______.
- prophase..... telophase
- aerobes use____ as the final electron acceptor in electron transport phosphorylation, whereas anaerobes use ____ as the final electron acceptor.
- oxygen, pyruvic acid
- anabolic reactions
- synthesis/building of larger molecules from smaller ones
- the light reaction, photophosphorylation,_____?
- produces both ATP and NADPH
- under anaerobis conditions muscle cells produce___, while yeast cells produce_____.
- lactic acid, ethyl alcohol
- aerobic respiration
- oxygen required,krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, occurs in mitochondria
- ______ is a C3 plant because it fixes carbon to RuBP?
- Corn
- trees that grow in the shade probably are less efficient in trapping light energy and converting in to chemical energy than trees that require full sun.
- false
- for each six molecules of carbone dioxide fixed in the light- independent/dark reactions, how many molecules of PGAL ar eproduced and how many gluclose molecules are produced?
- 12, 6
- plant cells prduce one molecule of O2______
- by splitting two molecules of water
- anaerobic respiration
- no oxygen used, glycolysis, occurs in cytosol
- in which stage of the cell cycle would these characteristics occur? ussualy longest part of the cycle and when a cell does its job, cell incrases in mass back to initial size (2X), number of cytoplasmic components and organelles double, and DNA is duplicated or replicated
- G-1 interphase
- the C4 pathway involves fixing carbon first to ___ and then to ____?
- PEPA.... RuBP
- how many molecules of PGAL are used to regenerate the six molecules of RuBP?
- 10
- the results of mitosis are...
- each new nucleua with same chromosome number as parent cell
- in both mitosis and meiosis which occurs in prophase?
- nucleoli dissapears as DNA condenses, nuclear membrane disappears, centriole pairs seperate and the mitotic spindle is formed
- oxidized substances
- lose energy and electrons
- as the days get longer in the fall, photosynthesis speeds up to make more glucose for winter
- false
- how many ATP molecules (net yield ) are produced per molecule of gluclose degraded during glycolysis without oxygen ____ and aerobic respiration____?
- 2, 38
- meiosis produces______ cells, while mitosis roduces____ cells.
- 4 haploid (1N) cells ....... 2 identical diploid (2N) cells
- when transfering chemical energy.....?
- heat always shows up (second law)
- cellular respiration
- food fuels are broken down within cells and some of the energy is captured to produce ATP
- before a cell divides into two new cells, new copies of DNA for the new cells are made during what phase of the cell cycle?
- S-1
- chemical energy in the form of ATP, NAD and NADP is then used by.....
- living organismisms to make larger molecules or to hook atoms together.
- the excess gluclose made by photosynhesis is ussually converted to ____?
- starch and sucrose
- ATP
- main energy carrier- atp couples enerrgy and inputs ad outputs chemical energy
- some of the cells in the mesophyll in a _____ leaf are arranged in a ringaroud the leaf vein as bundle sheath cells and have a special function?
- C-4, d
- reduced substances
- gain energy and electrons
- the leaves on many trees turn different colors in the fall because_____.
- cooler temperatures slow down production of chlorophyll
- stages of metabolism
- digestion, anabolism,catabolism
- most of the carbon dioxide released into the air is consumsed by _____, which also produce most of our oxygen
- algea in the ocean
- as days get shorter in the fall, chlorophyll production becomes slower than its destruction/breakdown, so now the other pigment colors show up.
- True