Chapter 24 Vocabulary 2
Terms
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- actinomycete
-
a member of a class of bacteria characterized as rod-shaped
monerans that form branched filaments - antibiotic
- a chemical that can inhibit the growth of some bacteria
- archaebacterium
-
a prokaryotic organism distinguished from other
prokaryotes by the composition of the cell membranes and walls - bacillus
- a rod-shaped bacterium
- broad-spectrum antibiotic
-
an antibiotic that is able to affect a wide variety of
organisms - capsule
-
in mosses, a sporangium that produces spores; in bacteria, a protective
layer of polysaccharides around the cell wall - cell wall
-
a rigid structure that surrounds the cells of plants, fungi, many
protists, and most bacteria - chemoautotroph
-
an organism that synthesizes organic compounds using
chemicals instead of light - coccus
- sphere-shaped bacterium
- conjugation
- the union of two protists to exchange genetic material
- conjugation bridge
-
in certain algae and fungi, a passageway for the transfer of
the genetic information from one organism to another - endospore
- a dormant bacterial cell enclosed by a tough coating
- endotoxin
-
a substance that causes a poison reaction; a compound that makes
up part of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria - enteric bacteria
-
Gram-negative heterotrophic bacteria that inhabit animal
intestinal tracts - eubacterium
-
the lineage of prokaryotes that includes all contemporary bacteria
except archaebacteria - eutrophication
- the increase of nutrients in an environment
- exotoxin
- a toxic protein secreted by pathogenic bacteria
- extreme halophile
-
an archaebacterium that lives in very high salt
concentrations - facultative anaerobe
-
an organism that can metabolize with or without
oxygen - glycocalyx
- a pathway in which glucose is oxidized to pyruvic acid
- Gram-negative bacterium
-
a bacterium that stains pink with Gram stain and
that usually has an outer covering on its cell wall - Gram-positive bacterium
-
a bacterium that stains purple with Gram stain and
that usually lacks an outer covering on its cell wall - Gram stain
-
a series of dyes that stain bacteria either purple or pink according
to the chemistry of the bacterial cell wall - heterocyst
- a cell of cyanophytes that fixes atmospheric nitrogen
- methanogen
-
a bacterium that produces methane during anaerobic
respiration - obligate aerobe
- an organism that requires oxygen
- obligate anaerobe
- an organism that requires the absence of oxygen
- pathology
- the scientific study of disease
- penicillin
-
antibiotic drug that combats bacteria by interfering with bacterial
cell-wall synthesis - peptidoglycan
-
a protein-carbohydrate compound found in the cell walls of
bacteria - photoautotroph
- an organism that uses sunlight as an energy source
- pilus
- an appendage that bacteria use to attach to objects
- population bloom
- the sudden increase of nutrients in an environment
- saprophyte
- an organism that feeds on dead organic material
- spirillum
- spiral-shaped eubacteria
- spirochete
- Gram-negative, spiral-shaped, heterotrophic bacterium
- staphylococcus
- eubacterium occurring in grapelike clusters
- streptococcus
- Gram-positive eubacterium occurring in chains
- sulfa drug
-
an antibiotic drug that combats bacteria by inhibiting bacterial cell
metabolism - tetracycline
-
an antibiotic drug that combats bacteria by interfering with
bacterial protein synthesis - thermoacidophile
- an archaebacterium that lives only in hot, acid places
- thermophilic
-
bacteria that grows best in temperatues between 40º C (104º F)
and 110º C (230º F) - toxin
-
a chemical substance, usually biological in origin, that is harmful to the
normal functioning of cells - transduction
-
in viruses, the process in which genetic material is transferred
from one cell to another - transformation
-
a process of direct transfer of nucleic acid from one bacterium
to another