Ch.9 2
Terms
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- agglutination
- the clumping together of cells as a result of interaction with specific antibodies called agglutinins
- albumin
- a plasma protein
- allergen
- a substance that can produce a hypersensitive reaction in the body
- allergy
- a hypersensitive reaction to normally harmless antigens, most of which are environmental
- anaphylaxis
- an exaggerated, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction to a previously encountered antigen
- anisocytosis
- an abnormal condition of the blood characterized by red blood cells of variable an dabnormal size
- antibodies
- substance produced by the body in response to bateria, viruses or other foreign substances.
- ascites
- an abnormal intraperitonealaccumulation of a fluid containing large amounts of protein and elecrolytes
- basophil
- a granulocytic white bloodcell characterized by cytoplasmic granules that stain blue when exposed to a basic dye
- bilirubin
- the orange-yellow pigment of bile formed principallyby the breakdown of hemoglobin in red blood cells after termination of their normal life span
- coagulation
- the process of transforming a liquid into a solid, especially of the blood
- corpuscle
- any cell of the body
- differentiaion
- a process in development in which unspecialized cells or tissues are systemically modified and altered to achieve specific and characteristic physical forms
- dyscrasia
- an abnormal condition of the blood or bone marrow, such as leukemia, aplastic anemia
- edema
- accumulation of fluid within the tissue spaces
- electrophoresis
- the movement of charged suspended particles through a liquid medium in response to changes in an electric field
- enzyme
- organic substance tha tinitiates and accelerates a chemical reation
- eosinophil
- granulocytic, bilobed leukocyte somewhat larger than a neutrophil characterized by large numbers
- erythremia
- abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells
- erythroblast
- immature red blood cell
- erythrocyte
- mature blood cell
- erythropoiesis
- process of red blood cell production
- erythropoietin
- a hormone synthesized mainly in the kidneys and released into the bloodstreamin response to anoxia
- fibrin
- stringy imsoluble protein that is the substance of a blood clot
- fibrinogen
- plasma protein that is converted into fibrin by thrombin in the presence of calcium ions
- globin
- a group of four globulin protein molecules that become bound by the iron in heme molecules to form hemoglobin
- globulin
- plasma protein made in the liver.
- granulocytes
- types of leukocyte characterized by the presence of cytoplasmic gramules
- hematologist
- medical specialist in the field of hematology
- hematology
- scientific study of a bolld and blood-forming tissues
- heme
- pigmented, iron-contining nonprotein portion of the hemoglobin molecule
- hemoglobin
- complex protein-iron compound in the blood that carries oxygen to teh cells from the lungs and carbon dioxide away form the cells to the lungs
- hemolysis
- the breakdown of red blood cells and the release of hemoglobin the occures normally at the end of the life span of a red cell
- hemorrhage
- loss of a large amount of blood in a short period of time externally or internally
- hemostasis
- termination of bleeding by mechanical or chamical means or by hte complex coagulation process of the body
- heparin
- naturally occurring anticlotting factor present in the body
- hyperalbuminemia
- increased level of albumin in the blood
- hyperlipemia
- excessive level of blood fats
- hyperbilirubinemia
- greater than normal amounts of the bile pigment bilirubin in the blood
- leukocyte
- a white blood cell
- leukocytopenia
- abnomal decreasee in the number of white blood cells to fewer than 5,000 cells per cubic millimeter
- megakaryoncyte
- extremely large bone marrow cell
- monocyte
- large nononuclear leukocyte
- myeloid
- of or pertaining to teh bone marrow or the spinal cord
- neutrophil
- a polymorphnuclear granular leukocyte that stains easily with neutral dyes
- pancytopenia
- marked reduction in the number of the red, white blood cells, platelets
- plasma
- watery gluid portion of the lymph an dthe blood in which the leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets are suspended
- platelet,
- clotting cell; thrombocyte
- prothromin
- plasma protein precursor of thrombin
- reticulocyte
- immature erythrocyte characterized by mechlike pattern of threads and particles at the former site of the nucleus
- septicemia
- systemic infection in which pathogens are present in the circulating bloodstream, having spreadfrom an infection in any part of the body
- serovonversion
- a change in serlolgic tests from negative to positive as antibodies develop in reaction to an infection or vaccine
- serology
- the branch of laboratory medicine that studies blood serum for evidence of infection by evaluating antigen
- serum
- clear, thin, sticky fluid portion of the blood that remains after coagulation
- splenomegaly
- abnormal enlargement of the spleen
- stem cell
- a formative cell
- thrombin
- an enzyme formed from prothrombin calcium, and thromboplastin in plasma during the clotting process
- thrombocyte
- a clotting cell
- thrombocytopenia
- abnomal hematologic condition in which the number of platelets is reduced
- thromboplastin
- a complex substance the initiates the clotting process by converting prothrombin into thrombin in the presence of calcium ion
- thrombus
- a clot
- agglutin
- to clump
- aniso
- unequal
- bas
- base
- blast
- embryonic stage of development
- chrom
- color
- coagul
- clotting
- cyt
- cell
- -emia
- blood condition
- eosin
- re, rosy
- erythr
- red
- -globin
- containing protein
- hem
- blood
- hemat
- blood
- is
- equal
- kary
- nucleus
- leuk
- white
- -lytic
- destruction
- mono
- one
- norph
- form, shape
- myel
- bone marrow or spinal cord
- nucle
- nucleus
- -oid
- resembling
- -osis
- condition
- -penia
- decrease in; deficiency
- -phage
- to eat
- phag
- to eat
- -philia
- attraction to
- phoresis
- transmission
- -poiesis
- formation
- poikil
- varied; irregular
- sider
- iron
- spher
- round; sphere
- -stasis
- stopping or controllin
- thromb
- clot
- anemia
- a condition in which there is a deficiency of oxygen being delivered to the cells because of a decrease in the quantity of hemoglobin or red blood cells
- hemolytic anemia
- extreve reduction in circulating RBC due to their destruction
- pernicious anemia
- a deficiency of mature RBC and the formation an dcirculation of megaloblasts
- sickle cell, anemia
- a chronic hereditary form of hemolytic anemia in which the RBC become shaped like a crescent in the presence of low oxygen concentration
- granulocytosis
- abnormally elevated number of granulocytes in the circulating blood as a reaction to any variety of inflammation or infection
- hemochromatosis
- a rare iron metabolism disease characterized by iron deposits throughout the body, usually as a complication of one of the hemolytic anemias
- hemophilia
- involves different hereditary inadequacies of coagulation factorsresulting in prolonged bleeding times
- leukemia
- excessive uncontrolled increase of immature WBC in the blood eventually leading to infection, anemia, and thrombocytopenia
- multiple myeloma
- a malignant plasma cell neoplasm
- polycythemia vera
- an abnormal increase in the number of RBC
- purpura
- a collection of blood beneath the skin in the form of pinpoint hemorrhages appearing as red-purple skin discolorations
- thalassemia
- a hereditary form of hemolytic anemia in which the alpha or beta hemoglobin chains are defective and the production of hemoglobin is deficient, creating hypochromic microcytic RBC
- direct antiglobulin test
- used to discover the presence of antierythrocyte antibdies present in theblood of an Rh negative woman.
- bleeding time
- measurement of the time required for bleeding to stop
- blood transfusion
- and administration of blood or a blood component to an individual to relace blood lost
- bone marrow biopsy
- microscopic exam of bone marrow tissue
- complete blood cell count
- series of test performed on peripheral blood
- erythrocyte sedimentation
- (ESR) a test performed on the blood, which measures the rate at which RBC settle out in a tube of unclotted blood
- hematocrit
- an assessment of RBC percentage in the total blood volume
- hemoglobin test
- concentration measurement of th ehemoglobin in the peripheral blood
- lipid profile
- measure the lipids in the blood
- partial thromboplastin
- a bolld test used to evaluate the common pathway and system of clot formation within the body
- platelet count
- the count of platelets per cubic mm of blood
- prothrombin time
- (PT) is a blood test used to evaluate the common pathway and extrinsic system of clot formation
- RBC
- the measurement of thecirculating number of RBC in 1mm cubed of peripheral blood
- red blood cell morphology
- an examination of the RBC on a stained blood smear that enables the examiner to identify the form and shape of the RBC
- reticulocyte count
- a measurement of thenumber of circulating immature erythrocytes in a blood specimen
- rouleaux
- an aggregation of RBC viewed through the microscope that may be an artifact
- schilling test
- analysis for pernicious anemia
- WBC count
- measurement of the corculatin number of WBC in 1mm cubed of peripheral blood
- WBC differential
- a measurement of the percentage of each specific type of circulating WBC present in 1mm cubed of peripheral blood
- acquired immunity
- immunity that is a result of the body developing the ability to defend itself against a specific agent
- adenoids
- masses of lymphatic tissue located near the opening of the nasal cavity into the pharynx (pharyngeal tonsils)
- hypersensitivity
- tissue damage resulting from exaggerated immune responses
- immune reaction
- a defense function of the body that produces antibodies to destroy invading antigens and malignancies
- immunity
- the state of being resistant to or protected from a disease
- immunization
- process of creatin immunity to a specific disease
- local reaction
- a reaction to treatment that occures at the site where it was administered
- lymph
- lymph
- lymphadenopathy
- any disorder of thelymph nodes or lyph vessels
- lymphocyte
- small, agranulocytic leukocytes, originating from fetal stem celld and developing in the bone marrow
- macrophage
- any phagocytic cell involoved in the defense against infection in the disposal of the products of the breakdown of cells
- natural immunity
- immunity with which we are born; also genetic immunity
- pathogens
- disease producing microorganisms
- phagocytosis
- the process of a cell engulfing a destroying bacteria
- resistance
- the body's ability to counteract the effects of pathogens and other harmful agents
- susceptible
- a state of having a lack of resistance to pathogens and other harmful agents
- T cells
- cells that te important in the immune responce, they mature in the thymus
- tonsils
- masses of lymphatic tissue located in a protective ring, just under teh mucous membrane, surrounding the mouth and back of the throat
- hyper
- excessive
- immun
- immune protection
- lymphaden
- lymph gland
- lymphangi
- lymphvessel
- mon
- one
- sarc
- flesh
- acquired immunodeficiency syndromw
- (AIDS) involves clinical conditions that destroy the body's immune system in the last or final phase of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
- cytomegalovirus
- a large species-specific, herpes-type virus with a wide variety of disease effects
- hypersplenism
- a syndrome involfing a deficiency of one or more types of blood cells and an enlarged spleen
- Kaposi's sarcoma
- a locally destructive malignant neoplams of the blood vessels associated with aids typically foming lesions on the skin, visceral organs, or mucous membranes.
- lymphoma
- a lymphoid tissue noeplasm that is typically malignant
- mononucleosis
- typicallly is a bening, self-limiting acute infection of the B lymphocytes
- myasthenia gravis
- an autoimmune disease in which antibodies blodk or destroy some acetylcholine receptor sites
- pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)
- is caused by a common worldwide parasite
- sarcoidosis
- a systemic inflammatory disease resulting in the formation of multiple small, round lesions in the lungs
- systemic lupus
- an inflammatory connective tissue disease
- tuberculosis
- an infectious disease, primarily affecting the lungs
- enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
- a bolld test used for screening for an antibody to the aids virus
- western blot
- test detects the presence of the antibodies to HIV the virus that causes AIDS
- CT (CAT) scan
- a collection of x-ray images taken from various angles following injection of a contrast medium
- lymphangiogram
- an x-ray assessment of the lymphatic system following injection of a contrast medium into the lymph vessels in the hand or foot