micro chapter 3
Terms
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- COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE
- AN INSTRUMENT WITH TWO SETS OF LENSES THAT USES VISIBLE LIGHT AS A SOURCE OF ILLUMINATION
- MICROMETER
- A UNIT OF MEASUREMENT EQUAL TO 1026m
- FLUORESCENCE
- THE ABILITY OF A SUBSTANCE TO GIVE OFF LIGHT OF ONE COLOR WHEN EXPOSED TO THE LIGHT OF ANOTHER COLOR
- FLAGELLUM (pl. FLAGELLA)
- A THIN APPENDAGE FROM THE SURFACE OF A CELL; USED FOR CELLULAR LOCOMOTION; COMPOSED OF FLAGELLIN IN PROKARYOTIC CELLS, COMPOSED OF NINE PAIRS PLUS TWO MICROTUBULES IN EUKARYOTIC CELLS
- CONDENSER
- A LENSE SYSTEM LOCATED BELOW THE MICROSCOPE STAGE THAT DIRECTS LIGHT RAYS THROUGH THE SPECIMEN
- ENDOSPORE
- A RESTING STRUCTURE FORMED INSIDE SOME BACTERIA
- OBJECTIVE LENSES
- IN A COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE, THE LENSES CLOSEST TO THE SPECIMEN
- SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (SEM)
- AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPE THAT PROVIDES THREE-DIMENSIONAL VIEWS OF THE SPECIMEN MAGNIFIED 1,000 - 10,000x
- COUNTERSTAIN
- A SECOND STAIN APPLIED TO A SMEAR, PROVIDES CONTRAST TO THE PRIMARY STAIN
- GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA
- BACTERIA THAT RETAIN THE CRYSTAL VIOLET COLOR, AFTER DECOLORIZING WITH ALCOHOL; THEY STAIN DARK PURPLE
- RESOLUTION
- THE ABILITY TO DISTINGUISH FINE DETAIL WITH A MAGNIFYING INSTRUMENT; ALSO CALLED RESOLVING POWER
- ACIDIC DYE
- A SALT IN WHICH THE COLOR IS IN THE NEGATIVE ION; USED FOR NEGATIVE STAINING
- TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (TEM)
- AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPE THAT PROVIDES HIGH MAGNIFICATIONS(10,000-100,000x)OF THIN SECTIONS OF A SPECIMEN
- FIXING
- (1) IN SLIDE PREPARATION, THE PROCESS OF ATTACHING A SPECIMEN TO A SLIDE (2)REGARDING CHEMICAL ELEMENTS, COMBINING ELEMENTS SO THAT A CRITICAL ELEMENT CAN ENTER THE FOOD CHAIN
- NANOMETER (nm)
- A MEASUREMENT EQUAL TO 1029m, 1023mm
- BRIGHTFIELD MICROSCOPE
- A MICROSCOPE THAT USES VISIBLE LIGHT FOR ILLUMINATION; THE SPECIMENS ARE VIEWED AGAINST A WHITE BACKGROUND
- FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPE
- A MICROSCOPE THAT USES AN ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT SOURCE TO ILLUMINATE SPECIMENS THAT WILL FLUORESCE
- PHASE-CONTRAST MICROSCOPE
- A COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE THAT ALLOWS EXAMINATION OF STRUCTURES INSIDE CELLS THROUGH THE USE OF A SPECIAL CONDENSER
- BASIC DYE
- A SALT THAT THE COLOR IS IN THE POSITIVE ION; USED FOR BACTERIAL STAINS
- NEGATIVE STAINING
- A PROCEDURE THAT RESULTS IN COLORLESS BACTERIA AGAINST A STAINED BACKGROUND
- DIFFERENTIAL INTERFERENCE CONTRAST (DIC) MICROSCOPE
- AN INSTRUMENT THAT PROVIDES A THREE-DIMENSIONAL, MAGNIFIED IMAGE
- ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
- A MICROSCOPE THAT USES ELECTRONS INSTEAD OF LIGHT TO PRODUCE AN IMAGE
- GRAM-POSITIVE CELL WALL
- THE CELL WALL OF MOST GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA, CONSISTING OF PEPTIDOGLYCAN AND TEICHOIC ACIDS
- CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY
- A LIGHT MICROSCOPE THAT USES FLUORESCENT STAINS AND LASER TO MAKE TWO- AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL IMAGES
- SCANNED PROBE MICROSCOPY
- MICROSCOPIC TECHNIQUE USED TO OBTAIN IMAGES OF MOLECULAR SHAPES, TO CHARACTERIZE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES, AND TO DETERMINE TEMPERATURE VARIATIONS WITHIN A SPECIMEN
- OCULAR LENSE
- IN A COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE, THE LENSE CLOSEST TO THE VIEWER; ALSO CALLED THE EYEPIECE
- REFRACTIVE INDEX
- THE RELATIVE VELOCITY WITH WHICH LIGHT PASSES THROUGH A SUBSTANCE
- FLUORESCENT-ANTIBODY (FA) TECHNIQUE
- A DIAGNOSTIC TOOL USING ANTIBODIES LABELED WITH FLUOROCHROMES AND VIEWED THROUGH A FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPE; ALSO CALLED IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE
- SIMPLE STAIN
- A METHOD OF STAINING MICROORGANISMS WITH A SINGLE BASIC DYE
- CAPSULE
- AN OUTER, VISCOUS COVERING ON SOME BACTERIA, COMPOSED OF A POLYSACCHARIDE OR POLYPEPTIDE
- TOTAL MAGNIFICATION
- THE MAGNIFICATION OF A MICROSCOPIC SPECIMEN, DETERMINED BY MULTIPLYING THE OCULAR LENS MAGNIFICATION BY THE OBJECTIVE LENS MAGNIFICATION
- MORDANT
- A SUBSTANCE ADDED TO A STAINING SOLUTION TO MAKE IT STAIN MORE INTENSELY
- DARKFIELD MICROSCOPE
- A MICROSCOPE THAT HAS A DEVICE TO SCATTER LIGHT FROM THE ILLUMINATOR SO THAT THE SPECIMEN APPEARS WHITE AGAINST A BLACK BACKGROUND
- DIFFERENTIAL STAIN
- A STAIN THAT DISTINGUISHES OBJECTS ON THE BASIS OF REACTIONS TO THE STAINING PROCEDURE
- ACID-FAST STAIN
- A DIFFERENTIAL STAIN USED TO IDENTIFY BACTERIA THAT ARE NOT DECOLORIZED BY ACID-ALCOHOL
- GRAM STAIN
- A DIFFERENTIAL STAIN THAT CLASSIFIES BACTERIA INTO TWO GROUPS, GRAM-NEGATIVE AND GRAM-POSITIVE
- GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA
- BACTERIA THAT LOSE THE CRYSTAL VIOLET COLOR AFTER DECOLORIZATION BY ALCOHOL; THEY STAIN RED AFTER TREATMENT WITH SAFRANIN
- STAINING
- COLORIZING WITH A DYE TO VIEW THROUGH A MICROSCOPE OR TO VISUALIZE SPECIFIC STRUCTURES
- DECOLORIZING AGENT
- A SOLUTION USED IN THE PROCESS OF REMOVING A STAIN
- ANTIBODY
- A PROTEIN PRODUCED BY THE BODY IN RESPONSE TO AN ANTIGEN, AND CAPABLE OF COMBINING SPECIFICALLY WITH THAT ANTIGEN
- GRAM-NEGATIVE CELL WALL
- THE CELL WALL OF A GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA, A PEPTIDOGLYCAN LAYER SURROUNDED BY A LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE OUTER MEMBRANE
- SMEAR
- A THIN FILM OF MATERIAL CONTAINING MICROORGANISMS, SPREAD OVER THE SURFACE OF A SLIDE
- VIRULENCE
- THE DEGREE OF PATHOGENICITY OF A MICROORGANISM